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Glycolysis and Fermentation

Glycolysis and Fermentation. What ’ s so sweet about Sugar?. Objectives. Discuss ATP and where the ‘ energy ’ is Describe what fermentation is and where the ‘ energy ’ is Design an experiment to ‘ test ’ fermentation Weigh the merits of fermentation vs. respiration

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Glycolysis and Fermentation

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  1. Glycolysis and Fermentation What’s so sweet about Sugar?

  2. Objectives • Discuss ATP and where the ‘energy’ is • Describe what fermentation is and where the ‘energy’ is • Design an experiment to ‘test’ fermentation • Weigh the merits of fermentation vs. respiration • Recognize/explain what happens in a RedOx reaction

  3. Thinking it Through • CH4 (methane) C2H5OH H3C-CH2-OH (ethanol) C8H18 CH3(CH2)6CH3 (octane) • H2O CO2 • Similarities in components/structure? • Differences in behavior? • Differences in structure?

  4. So where are ‘calories’? Energy (heat) needed to raise 1g water, 1oC Why are there more calories? Saturated Fat

  5. RedOx Reactions

  6. OIL RIG OIL = Oxidation Is Loss of electrons RIG = Reduction Is Gain of electrons

  7. O

  8. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

  9. NAD+ Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

  10. NAD+ Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

  11. H H H

  12. Oxidized Form Reduced Form

  13. Oxidized Form Reduced Form NAD+ NADH

  14. “ATP- molecule used to store and transfer energy”

  15. “ATP- molecule used to store and transfer energy”

  16. “ATP- molecule used to store and transfer energy” Phosphate Groups

  17. “ATP- molecule used to store and transfer energy” • Why not just separate? • What does this mean in terms of ‘energy’?

  18. How does breaking a bond ‘release’ energy? Same thing shown with a bit more detail… http://course1.winona.edu/sberg/ChemStructures/Atphydrl.gif

  19. Metabolic Pathways

  20. Metabolic Pathways

  21. Metabolic Pathways

  22. Metabolic Pathways

  23. Glycolysis • Glyco – glucose/sugar • Lysis – “to loosen”, take apart

  24. Glycolysis Glucose (6 Carbons)

  25. Glycolysis Glucose (6 Carbons) 2 ATP 2 ADP

  26. Glycolysis Glucose (6 Carbons) 2 ATP 2 NAD+ 2 ADP

  27. Glycolysis Glucose (6 Carbons) 2 ATP 2 NAD+ 2 ADP 2 NADH

  28. Glycolysis Glucose (6 Carbons) 2 ATP 2 NAD+ 2 ADP 2 NADH NAD+ is reduced to “NADH”

  29. Glycolysis Glucose (6 Carbons) 2 ATP 2 NAD+ 2 ADP 2 NADH *Addition of 2 inorganic phosphates

  30. Glycolysis Glucose (6 Carbons) 2 ATP 2 NAD+ 2 ADP 2 NADH 2 ADP 2 ADP 2 ATP 2 ATP

  31. Pyruvate 3 Carbons Glycolysis Glucose (6 Carbons) 2 ATP 2 NAD+ 2 ADP 2 NADH 2 ADP 2 ADP 2 ATP 2 ATP Pyruvate 3 Carbons Pyruvate 3 Carbons

  32. Pyruvate 3 Carbons Glycolysis Glucose (6 Carbons) 2 ATP 2 NAD+ 2 ADP 2 NADH 2 ADP 2 ADP 2 ATP 2 ATP Pyruvate 3 Carbons Pyruvate 3 Carbons

  33. Pyruvate 3 Carbons Glycolysis Glucose (6 Carbons) 2 ATP 2 NAD+ 2 ADP 2 NADH 2 ADP 2 ADP 2 ATP 2 ATP Pyruvate 3 Carbons Pyruvate 3 Carbons Net production of 2 ATP

  34. How do you Keep Glycolysis Going?

  35. Glucose (6 Carbons) 2 ATP 2 NAD+ 2 ADP 2 NADH 2 ADP 2 ADP 2 ATP 2 ATP Pyruvate 3 Carbons Pyruvate 3 Carbons How do you Keep Glycolysis Going?

  36. Glucose (6 Carbons) 2 ATP 2 NAD+ 2 ADP 2 NADH 2 ADP 2 ADP 2 ATP 2 ATP Pyruvate 3 Carbons Pyruvate 3 Carbons How do you Keep Glycolysis Going?

  37. NADH is oxidized into NAD+ Lactic Acid 3 Carbons Pyruvate 3 Carbons Fermentation(Lactic Acid) 2 NADH 2 NAD+ Pyruvate is reduced and forms Lactic Acid

  38. CO2 NADH is oxidized into NAD+ Ethanol 2 Carbons Pyruvate 3 Carbons Fermentation(Alcoholic) CO2 2 NADH 2 NAD+ Pyruvate is reduced and forms Ethanol

  39. Fermentation • Keep Glycolysis going - oxidizes NADH into NAD+ • Glycolysis – 2 ATP • “NO” O2 present • Lactic Acid • Alcoholic • Ethanol - CO2

  40. Here’s the claim: Glycolysis – Glucose + 2ATP  Pyruvate + 4ATP Fermentation (no O2 present) Pyruvate + NADH ethanol + CO2 + NAD+ What can you test? Conditions needed? How? Rank in terms of: feasibility, safety, ‘fun’

  41. Optimizations • We’ve proposed testing for components • Are all tests best done under same conditions? • Concept: limiting components. How do you max your yield (or sensitivity) for: • Glucose • CO2 • ETOH

  42. More? • What will your solution look like? • “murky”? • How do you speed it up? • What conditions do we WANT?

  43. Time to get to know each other better…

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