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Figure 18.17

Depolarization. Repolarization. SA node. R. R. T. P. T. P. Q. S. 1. Atrial depolarization, initiated by the SA node, causes the P wave. Q. S. 4. Ventricular depolarization is complete. R. AV node. R. T. P. T. P. Q. S. Q. 2.

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Figure 18.17

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  1. Depolarization Repolarization SA node R R T P T P Q S 1 Atrial depolarization, initiatedby the SA node, causes theP wave. Q S 4 Ventricular depolarizationis complete. R AV node R T P T P Q S Q 2 With atrial depolarizationcomplete, the impulse isdelayed at the AV node. S 5 Ventricular repolarizationbegins at apex, causing theT wave. R R T P T P Q S Q S 3 Ventricular depolarizationbegins at apex, causing theQRS complex. Atrialrepolarization occurs. 6 Ventricular repolarizationis complete. Figure 18.17

  2. (a) Normal sinus rhythm. (b) Junctional rhythm. The SA node is nonfunctional, P waves are absent, and heart is paced by the AV node at 40 - 60 beats/min. (d) Ventricular fibrillation. These chaotic, grossly irregular ECG deflections are seen in acute heart attack and electrical shock. (c) Second-degree heart block. Some P waves are not conducted through the AV node; hence more P than QRS waves are seen. In this tracing, the ratio of P waves to QRS waves is mostly 2:1. Figure 18.18

  3. In catheter ablation, catheters are threaded through the blood vessels to the inner heart, and electrodes at the catheter tips transmit energy to destroy a small spot of heart tissue.

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  20. 1. A flutter 2. PVC 3. 1st degree block 4. Inverted T wave 5. A fib 6. A fib with PVC 7. Tachycardia 8. normal 9. A flutter 10. 1st degree block 11. A fib 12. 1st degree block 13. A fib 14. PVC 15. A flutter with inverted 16.2nd degree

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