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The Server Invasion: Virtualization Explained

Discover the impact of virtualization on data centers, energy efficiency, and reliability. Learn the history, benefits, and key factors of server virtualization across decades, as well as its significant role in modern computing. Explore IBM Virtualization Engine and other relevant products.

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The Server Invasion: Virtualization Explained

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  1. COMP 2923Virtualization Danny Silver JSOCS, Acadia University

  2. The Server Invasion • The Invasion - IBM Virtualization Engine -http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=Kbn_MUfTG0E#t=15 • Cool 60's-like overview - http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=57XDSrwEdRg

  3. Size of the Web (Darcy Benoit) • Web servers are approximately 0.56% of the total number of IP addresses (4.3 billion), or 0.64% of the "valid" usable IP addresses (3.8 billion) • If we could put one server every foot, the web servers would span from St. John's, NFLD to Victoria, BC • If each server used only 100 Watts of power: • The equivalent of 3.275 Advanced CANDU 6 nuclear reactors (each CANDU 6 = 740 MegaWatts) • If each server used 500 Watts of power: • That is 16.375 Advanced CANDU 6 nuclear reactors • Or more than half of the electricity produced by the Three Gorges Dam in China, the world's largest hydroelectric dam (gross output = 22,500MW, $39 Billion and 17 years to build)

  4. What is Virtualization? • Perhaps the most important step for modern data centers in terms going Green • Reduces energy and costs • Provides tremendous flexibility and increase availability and reliability

  5. What is Virtualization? • Virtualization, in computing, refers to: • the act of creating a virtual (rather than actual) version of something • including but not limited to: • a virtual computer hardware platform • operating system (OS) • disk storage device • computer network resource • Began in 1960s on mainframes as a method of logically dividing the resources across applications • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization

  6. What is Virtualization? • Great intro -http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=MnNX13yBzAU2007 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N4buO79A22w 2010 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbOK8qv8p2k 2014 • Slightly more complex intro  - http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=p11lJOnALS4&pop_ads=null

  7. Client/Server History: 1980Centralized DP, DS, DC IBM Mainframe 3174 Controller SNA Frontend Dumb 3270 Display Screen

  8. Client/Server History: 1990Decentralized DP, DS, DC Mainframe or Mini-Computer LAN Controller TCP/IP File I/O and Terminal Emulation Frontend Hardware PC Local DP, DS, Low speed DC Terminal Emulation LAN Controller

  9. Client/Server History: 2000Distributed DP, DS, DC Mainframe, Mini-Computer or Servers LAN Server Internet Thick Client Web / Internet Distributed DP, DS, Mod speed DC Peer-to-Peer Firewall LAN Server

  10. Client/Server History: 2007Mixed Centralized / Distributed Rows and Racks of Internet Servers Virtualized Servers LAN Internet Early Thin Client Web / Internet Distributed Applications DP, DS, High speed DC LAN

  11. Client/Server History: 2014Cloud Services Rack-mounted Multi-core Virtual Servers Virtual Clients LAN Cloud Thin Client Web Inter-operative Presentation DP, Higher Speed DC + Wireless LAN

  12. Internet / Processor Speeds are Key Factors • Most significant factors in centralized/ distributed computing: • Dial-up (9600 bps - 1 Mbps) • Processing must be done at mainframe • LAN (10 Mbps) • Decentralized processing and display with file /IO • High-speed LAN (100 Mbps) • Distributed computing and local display • High-speed, parallel (multi-core) processing • Virtualization

  13. Consolidation A P P 1 A P P 2 A P P 3 A P P 4 A P P 5 A P P 6 Each server 10% busy 2 kW power each OS 1 OS 1 OS 1 H/W H/W H/W A P P 1 A P P 2 A P P 3 A P P 4 A P P 5 A P P 6 Consolidated Server 60% busy 4 kW power OS 1 must be active for all apps. OS 1 H/W

  14. Full Virtualization A P P 1 A P P 2 A P P 3 A P P 4 A P P 5 A P P 6 Each server 10% busy 2 kW power Win Linux Unix H/W H/W H/W A P P 1 A P P 2 A P P 3 A P P 4 A P P 5 A P P 6 Virtualization Server 60% busy 4 kW power Hypervisor creates and maintains a virtual machine Win Linux Unix Hypervisor H/W

  15. Hosted vs Hypervisor

  16. Impact in the Data Center is Huge • Separate servers require: • Network infrastructure: NICS, cables, switches • Separate disk drives • Limited by disk I/O and cable speeds (Mbps) • Virtualized servers require: • None of the above • Share disk drives • In-memory data transfer speeds (Tbps)

  17. Virtualization System Vendors and Products • IBM – System z/VM, System p/Hypervisor • VMWare – VMware Server, Vmware ESXi • MicroSoft – MS Hyper-V Server • Xen – Open source hypervisor • Also see this Wikipedia list of hypervisors • Not a new concept – see IBM CP/CMS (1962)

  18. Advantages of Server Virtualization and Centralization • Disaster recovery • Server state is always in a file, just recover to check-point • Flexibility • Server creation, mods and movement on the fly • Reduced energy use lower carbon footprint • One server versus 10 • Less cooling needed

  19. Advantages of Server Virtualization and Centralization • Reduced operational costs • Care for 1 larger server versus 10 smaller servers • Better support for users • One stop help desk for all server users • Greater availability • Hot standby made easy • Improved reliability • High quality server components can be purchased and shared

  20. Partitioning • A tool used to support virtualization • Ability to pool resources (CPU, memory, I/O) into a single logical computer, or logical partition (LPAR) LPAR 1 (Windows) CPU CPU CPU I/O I/O I/O RAM RAM RAM LPAR 2 (Linux) Disk Disk Disk

  21. A Virtual Machine is a File • An LPAR can be completely defined in a file • This means that the state of a virtual machine can be saved and moved easily, even on the fly • Vmware offers Vmotion • Decrease downtime and improve reliability • Decrease energy use by dynamically powering down unused servers • Reduce IT costs and improve flexibility File CPU I/O RAM Disk

  22. Network Virtualization • VMware ESX and IBM System p (Live Partition Mobility) • Network is virtualized = virtual machine retains network identity (IP address) and connections • Ensures seamless migration of LPARs from one physical server to another over high-speed physical network

  23. Para-virtualization • Xen (open source) full or “para-virtualization” • Full virtualization approach: • OS is not aware that its is running on a virtual machine • H/W and hypervisor handle all virtualization • Partial “para” approach: • OS must be aware that its is running on a virtual machine • OS works with hypervisor to handle virtualization • Some restrictions of OS function

  24. Operating System Level Virtualization • One operating system per physical machine • Example: SUN Solaris containers • OS is capable of making virtual instances of itself • Great for consolidation of e-mail and web servers • Limitation: can only be used by apps that run on that generation of OS

  25. SAN – Storage Area Network • A dedicated network of data storage hardware and software • Integrates various storage devices: disks, arrays, CD towers, magnetic tape drives, I/O connect services • Software manages all physical storage resources into one logical storage resource • Shared access across various servers • High inter-connection rates between storage devices and servers • Tape backup / recovery can also be virtualized

  26. Client Virtualization • Estimated savings if desktops replaced by thin clients: 60% energy, 50% costs • Installed PCs show very low average use rate • Try monitoring your laptop • Search disk for “supercalifragilisticexpialidocoius” • Download a large file from the web • View a YouTube video • Run a complex calculation or CPU stress tester

  27. Client Virtualization

  28. Client Virtualization • Benefits: • Low cost of ownership (purchase, energy) • Low cost of maintenance (centralized) • Security (logins are never local, always monitored) • Reliability (boot image control) • Common knowledge pool • Consequents: • Loss of flexibility • Loss of multi-media performance on some tasks

  29. Blade Servers Why use blade system servers?

  30. Blade Servers • Standard server-rack configuration: • 1RU (one rack unit, 19" [48 cm] wide and 1.75" [4.45 cm] tall) • Typically a rack can hold 42 RUs, or 42U high • Blade server: • Stripped down server computer with a modular design optimized to minimize the use of physical space and energy. • Blade enclosure: • holds multiple blade servers • provides services such as power, cooling, networking • Densities of up to 128 discrete blade servers per rack (2009)

  31. Blade Servers • Reduces complexity of IT components • Modular and flexible platform • Hardware counter-part to virtualization • Economizes on space, power, cooling, management • Comes with strong management tools • Suppliers: HP, IBM, SUN/Oracle

  32. Combining Blades and Virtualization • Increased utilization, reliability, flexibility and serviceability • IT Admins spend less time managing and reorganizing physical data centre • Moves a step closer to dynamic IT or utility computing • Backbone of cloud computing

  33. References • http://www.vmware.com/pdf/virtualization.pdf ** • http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/guides/cloud-computing-virtualization-building-private-iaas-guide.pdf • http://www.vmware.com/virtualization/virtualization-basics/what-is-virtualization.html • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zLJbP6vBk2M • https://cloudacademy.com/cloud-computing/courses/introduction-to-virtualization-technologies/ • http://www.slideshare.net/sasisatyam/introduction-to-virtualization-14723491

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