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Dr . Steffen Erdle, Head of Project RE-ACTIVATE RE/EE Benefits Workshop Cairo, 31 May 2016

Emerging Markets for Labor-Intensive RE/EE Applications in MENA Countries: Some Examples and Insights from t he Agricultural and Food Sector. Dr . Steffen Erdle, Head of Project RE-ACTIVATE RE/EE Benefits Workshop Cairo, 31 May 2016 Co- O rganized by RCREEE and RE-ACTIVATE.

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Dr . Steffen Erdle, Head of Project RE-ACTIVATE RE/EE Benefits Workshop Cairo, 31 May 2016

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  1. Emerging Markets for Labor-Intensive RE/EE Applications in MENA Countries:Some Examples and Insights from the Agricultural and Food Sector Dr. Steffen Erdle, Head of Project RE-ACTIVATE RE/EE Benefits Workshop Cairo, 31 May 2016 Co-Organized by RCREEE and RE-ACTIVATE

  2. The RE-ACTIVATE Project in a Nutshell • Cross-sectoral regional project focusing on the nexus between • Sustainable energy (renewable energy & energy efficiency) • Socio-economic development (local jobs & value creation) • Qualitative multi-level approach aiming to support market development for employment-intensive applications in the MENA region: • Knowhow transfer/policy dialogue/networking at the regional level • Support measures/capacity building/pilot projects in focus countries • Network structure with teams in Rabat, Tunis, Cairo, and Bonn • Duration: 4 years (2014 – 2017), budget: 5 million EUR RE/EE Benefits Workshop Cairo

  3. RE/EE in Agriculture: Strengths & Opportunities • Still important role for MENA economies, in this case MAR and TUN: AGR as a source of employment, IAA as a source of export revenue • Main, sometimes only source of income creation in rural areas • Overall declining or stagnating contribution because of major structural problems (AGR): weak productivity, climate impacts, water scarcity… • Strong seasonality and heterogeneity of activities within the sector • Certain bipolarization: many small, under-equipped farms supplying local markets vs. large, modern farms geared toward export markets • Problematic role of state policy: subsidizing natural inputs, obstructing competition, instead of facilitating access to knowhow and finance and helping to create a modern infrastructure (transport, storage, cooling…) RE/EE Benefits Workshop Cairo

  4. RE/EE in Agriculture: Strengths & Opportunities • Weak and medium share of AGR and IAA respectively in final energy consumption, mostly for fossil motion fuels (for transport, processing, pumping…) and for electricity (for heating, cooling, lighting...) • Large market potential due to recent cutbacks of fossil subsidies (esp. Diesel) for agricultural applications and because of the high (and growing) importance of hydraulic irrigation systems • Many applications (equipment for pumping, cooling/heating, lighting, processing, sterilization…) are overdimensionedand often outdated and need to be replaced in any way in the near future • High costs for many conventional energy services (for grid connection, fuel delivery, spare parts, customer services…) in remote and/or dispersed areasborne by the state of by end consumers RE/EE Benefits Workshop Cairo

  5. RE/EE in Agriculture: Strengths & Opportunities • Opportunities for creating (or maintaining) local value, income and jobs • in underprivileged/remote areas which are exposed to generally less friendly conditions and difficult to service from the main urban centers (AGR) • in strategic economic sectors which are major foreign cash earners and job creators and are subject to intensive competition from other actors (IAA) • In well-selected sub-sectors and technological applications offering a high degree of technological maturity and financial viability (< less than 5 years) • Possibility to link RE with EE, thereby improving energy productivity and optimizing impacts on local labor market and value chains • Possible beneficial impacts on groundwater resource management by linking solar pumping to drip irrigation RE/EE Benefits Workshop Cairo

  6. RE/EE in Agriculture: Weaknesses & Challenges • Very heterogeneous and dispersed forms of applications and demand over a variety of sectors and regions • Strong temporality and volatility (due to natural cycles in agriculture, further reinforced climate change) • Very limited recourse to financial means and technical expertise • Practically non-existing infrastructureof service and backup firms (consulting-installation-maintenance…) • Still very high subsidies for some fossil fuels (esp. butane & elec.) • Political resistance due to widespread fears over environmental damage of solar pumping on groundwater resources RE/EE Benefits Workshop Cairo

  7. Morocco: Primary Energy Consumption at the National Level and in the Agricultural Sector Source: Stratégie EE – A. Lahbabi Source MEMEE RE/EE Benefits Workshop Cairo

  8. Morocco: Consumption by Application in 2014 RE/EE Benefits Workshop Cairo

  9. Morocco: Main Opportunities & Potentials for EE RE/EE Benefits Workshop Cairo

  10. Morocco: Market Size & Potential for Solar Pumping RE/EE Benefits Workshop Cairo

  11. Morocco: Employment Potential of Solar Pumping RE/EE Benefits Workshop Cairo

  12. Tunisia: Economic Role of the Agriculture Sector RE/EE Benefits Workshop Cairo

  13. Tunisia: Energy Consumption in Agriculture RE/EE Benefits Workshop Cairo

  14. Tunisia: Suitable Areas for RE/EE in Agriculture RE/EE Benefits Workshop Cairo

  15. Tunisia: Suitable Areas for RE/EE in Agriculture RE/EE Benefits Workshop Cairo

  16. RE-ACTIVATE Activities in AGR/IAA Sector Assessing the market and employment potential as well as the training and skill building needs of its focus countries MAR, TUN, EGY Developing a sector-specific communication and awareness raising campaign on this basis, incl. the creation/distribution of means/materials Developing a sector-specific marking building / roll-out support program for 2-3 selected regions, applications and subsectors, incl. pilot & demonstration projects, training & capacity building activities and if applicable targeted company / start-up support Providing for systematic monitoring, data collection and impact assess-ment, esp. regarding value and employment effects, but also regarding broader social and environmental impacts, incl. on water resources RE/EE Benefits Workshop Cairo

  17. Further Information on Related Project Outputs Morocco: Les énergies renouvelables et l’efficacité énergétique dans les secteurs de l'agriculture et de l'agroalimentaire au Maroc: applications technologiques, conditions cadres et opportunités d'emploi (04/2016) Tunisia: Etude d'impact socio-économique en matière de création d'emploi des énergies renouvelables et de l’efficacité énergétique dans le secteur de l'agriculture en Tunisie (04/2016) Egypt: Marketassessment for solarpumping in 2ndhalf of thisyear www.giz.de/en/worldwide/36137.html energypedia.info/wiki/Promoting_Employment_through_Renewable_Energy_and_Energy_Efficiency_in_the_MENA_Region_(RE-ACTIVATE) RE/EE Benefits Workshop Cairo

  18. Thankyouverymuch RE/EE Benefits Workshop Cairo

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