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Literature. What other scholars have to offer. Alternative Methods. It's always good to check the robustness!. Main Method. Bread and Peace (Hibbs). Alternatives. Political Business Cycles (Nordhaus). Macroeconomy driven by elections. Manipulation by policy tools to boost chances.
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Literature What other scholars have to offer
Alternative Methods • It's always good to check the robustness!
Main Method • Bread and Peace (Hibbs)
Alternatives • Political Business Cycles (Nordhaus) • Macroeconomy driven by elections • Manipulation by policy tools to boost chances • Endogenous election timing a function of economy (Berument)
Alternatives • Econometrics and Presidential Elections (Fair) • Kramer: voter behavior depends on economy • Republican/Democrat • V= a1 + a2t + a3I+ a4DPER + a5g*I + a6p*I + u
Alternatives • Time-for-Change Model (Abramowitz) • A referendum on the incumbent's performance • Robust results (2% margin for 2008) • Noneconomic (political) and economic variables
Alternatives • Economics and Elections in W. Europe (Chappel, Veiga) • 13 countries 37 years • Political responsibility + economic perception
Alternatives • Of Time and Presidential Election Forecasts (Erikson, Wlezien) • Hibbsian
Endogeneity/Exogeneity • Surfing on the cycles • Exogenous: create a cycle • Endogenous: surf a cycle • The effects of GDP Growth only
The End of Economic Voting? • Check whether political responsibility is more important through the other theories.
Some alternatives (PBCs and OETs) • Hibbs is generally accepted • Challenges to robustness • Political Implications