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U sage of V- ing

U sage of V- ing. 1. v-ing 具有名词功能，在句中作主语、宾语 和表语。 Writing an English composition is not easy. I suggested asking his brother for some money. The ant queen’s full-time job is laying eggs. He is fond of skiing. 主语. 宾语. 表语. 宾语. 2. v-ing 具有形容词的功能，在句中作宾语、表语和宾语补足语。

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U sage of V- ing

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  1. Usageof V-ing

  2. 1. v-ing具有名词功能，在句中作主语、宾语 和表语。 Writing an English composition is not easy. I suggested asking his brother for some money. The ant queen’s full-time job is laying eggs. He is fond of skiing. 主语 宾语 表语 宾语

  3. 2. v-ing具有形容词的功能，在句中作宾语、表语和宾语补足语。 China is a developing country. Who is the man talking with your English teacher? The film is interesting. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 定语 定语 表语 宾语补足语

  4. 3.v-ing具有副词功能，在句中作状语。 现在分词在句中作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 1.作时间状语时，相当于when引导的从句。状语常放在句子的前半部分。 Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai. (When they heard the news, they… )

  5. 介词in, on + v-ing也是常见的时间表示法。 on+现在分词相当于as soon as,强调瞬间的动作； in+现在分词相当于when, while,强调的是连续缓慢的动作。 On reaching the town, he went direct to the hotel. In doing the work, he met a lot of difficulties.

  6. 2.作原因状语时，相当于as, since, because引导的从句。状语多放在句子的前半部分。 Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. As I don’t know his address, I can’t …

  7. 3.作方式或伴随状语时，不能用状语从句替换，但可以改成并列句。3.作方式或伴随状语时，不能用状语从句替换，但可以改成并列句。 They stood there, watching the stars in the sky. They stood there and watched the stars … 注意：在下面的句子里，现在分词和谓语动词互为伴随情况。 She sat singing a merry song. He lay reading a novel.

  8. 4.作结果状语时，相当于so that引导的从句。结果状语通常放在句子后。分词前可以有副词thus 或only修饰，并用逗号和前面的句子成分隔开，常意为“于是，所以，因而”。分词的逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语，也可以是前面的整个句子。逻辑主语为整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。 He turned off the lamp, seeing nothing. (He…, so that he saw nothing.) A number of new machines were introduced from abroad, thus resulting in an increase in production. (相当于which resulted in …)

  9. 5.作条件状语时，相当于if, unless等引导的从句。 Listening to English every day, you will learn it well step by step. (If you listen to…, you will … ) 6.作让步状语时，相当于though, even if 等引导的从句。 Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn’t tried her best. (Although I admit what she has said, …) 注意：表示让步或条件的现在分词短语要放在主语前，一般不可放在句尾。 但有连词时除外。

  10. 作状语的现在分词前的连词 为了使V-ing形式作状语所表示的意思更加明确，有时可在V-ing形式前加上适当的连词(when, while, whether…or, if, though, unless, as if等)。 Whether sleeping or walking, he was not at ease. The soldier walked very slowly, as if having been wounded. 注意：如果连词后的部分是being或含有being, 则being 常常省略。 When (being) alone, she will think of the past.

  11. v-ing形式的时态和语态 语态 时态

  12. v-ing的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生、几乎同时发生或者谓语动词前发生。v-ing的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生、几乎同时发生或者谓语动词前发生。 Walking down the valley, they came across a big cave. Hearing the news, she burst out crying. Working hard, you will succeed in the experiment. 同时发生 几乎同时发生 在谓语动词之前发生

  13. v-ing的完成式表示动作先于谓语动词发生。 Having worked for three hours, we took a rest. Having lived there for dozens of years, he knows the city well. v-ing的被动式表示动作对于逻辑主语而言，在意义上是被动的。 I’d like to have a look at the animalbeing operated on. Having been shown the lab, the visitor looked around the stadium.

  14. Fill in the blanks with the right form of the verbs. hunt, behave, move, leap, put Hunting • _______ in the forest, the prince came across a beautiful girl. • The old lady looked around, _______ down her bag on the ground. • ________ back and forth, the cat behaved strangely. • _________ in a particular way, the cat wanted to show Will something. • ________ slowly on the ground, the wounded man suddenly saw a poisonous snake. putting Leaping Behaving Moving

  15. B 1. The secretary worked late into the night, ____ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing C 2. _____ your homework, you mustn’t listen to music. A. When do B. When to do C. When doing D. When you doing

  16. C 3. “Can’t you read?” she said angrily, _____ to the notice. A. pointed B. and pointing C. pointing D. to point 4. The missing boy was last seen _____ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play A

  17. A 5. It rained heavily, ______ severe flooding in the country. A. causing B. to cause C. caused D. having caused 6. Any driver ____ a license ought to be punished. A. doesn’t have B. having not C. has not D. not having D

  18. 独立主格结构 “独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。 独立主格结构的构成: 现在分词、过去分词 形容词 副词 名词 不定式 介词短语 名词/代词 +

  19. It stood silent in the noon sunlight, its door open. “Marquis,” said the boy, turning to the man, his eyes opened wide, and his right hand raised. We divided the work, he to clean the windows and I to sweep the floor. I followed him here, climbed in, sword in hand. Lunch over, he left the house. He fought the wolf, a stick his only weapon. +adj. +v-ed +to do +prep. +adv. +n.

  20. 现在分词的独立主格结构实际上是指带逻辑主语的现在分词结构，该结构在句中可作时间状语、条件状语、原因状语、伴随状语等，其逻辑主语前面也可以加上with，其中现在分词仍表正在进行的动作或主动的动作。现在分词的独立主格结构实际上是指带逻辑主语的现在分词结构，该结构在句中可作时间状语、条件状语、原因状语、伴随状语等，其逻辑主语前面也可以加上with，其中现在分词仍表正在进行的动作或主动的动作。

  21. The baby fell from the cradle, blood coming from his face. With his lips still trembling, he couldn’t say a word. The policemen made their way into the forest with a hunter leading the way. With the first ray of the rising sun coming, they set out from the farm. 结果状语 原因状语 伴随状语 时间状语

  22. D 1. So many directors _____, the board meeting had to be put off.A. were absentB. been absentC. had been absentD. being absent 2. The speech ____, a lively discussion started.A. being deliveredB. was deliveredC. be deliveredD. having been delivered D

  23. B 3. All flights ____ because of the snow-storm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A. were canceledB. having been canceledC. had been canceledD. have been canceled 4. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _____ on benches, chairs or boxes.A. having seated B. seatingC. seated D. having been seated C

  24. Rewrite the sentences using V-ing form. P18 Leaping into the air, the witch vanished. Shouting angrily, the man waved his sword at the stranger. Picking up the cat, she rubbed its head affectionately. Showing its teeth and making a loud noise, the bear came out of the bushes. affection n.喜爱 爱 慈爱 感情 fix one’s affection on/upon sb 钟情于 affectionate adj.亲切的 深情的 慈爱的 affectionately adv.情深地 深爱地 Yours affectionately, 你亲爱的 (书信署名)

  25. Complete the passage: hoping/trying Last week I walked into our local bookshop, (1) ____________ to find a copy of Philip Pullman’s His Dark Materials. All my friends (2) _____ read it and I wanted to know (3) ____ people liked it so much. I bought all three books and hurried out of the shop, pleased that I had found it (4) ___ easily. had why so

  26. Seeing/ Noticing (5) ______________ a No. 88 bus coming along the road, I decided to take it, (6) _____________ it was quite a long walk home. (7) _____________ on the bus, I was surprised to see an old friend of (8) ______. We started talking and I (9) ________realized that we had arrived at my stop. for/as/ because Sitting/ Riding mine suddenly

  27. Jumping got (10) ________up, I cried, “Please wait! This is my sop!” I (11) ____ off the bus in time and smiled happily. Then, suddenly (12) ___________________ ______ I had left my books behind on the bus, I (13) _______, “Stop, please!” But it was(14) ____ late. The bus had gone away, (15) ______________ my books with it. realizing/discovering/ finding shouted too taking/ carrying

  28. Rewrite the sentences: P21 On seeing the witch, the boy ran away. Before starting the war, the king speaks to the prince. While fighting in the war, the prince learnt many things. After speaking to his son, the king went to war. Not knowing what to do, Ferdinand follows the frog’s advice

  29. Complete the passage. P21 • After (2) was • (3) which (4) the • (5) after (6) hearing • (7) and (8) knowing • (9) Will (10) looking • (11)away (12) not/ without • (13) big/ beautiful/ lovely/ pretty • (14) the (15) After

  30. Choose the best answer. • Finding her car stolen, ________. • A. a policeman was asked to help • B. the area was searched thoroughly • C. it was looked for everywhere • D. she hurried to a policeman for help DWhen she found her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help.

  31. 2. _______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered A After it has suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.

  32. 3. _______ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received CHe hadn’t received a reply so he decided to write again.

  33. 4. European football is played in 80 countries, _______ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make A European football is played in 80 countries, and this makes it the most popular sport in the world.

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