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Spain: 1337-1650

Spain: 1337-1650. The First to be the Greatest. Ferdinand and Isabella create the nation = late 1400s. Ferdinand and Isabella marry – unites Castille and Aragon - 1469 Defeated Muslims, united Spain - 1492 Expelled Jews and Muslims Holy Inquisition.

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Spain: 1337-1650

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  1. Spain: 1337-1650 The First to be the Greatest

  2. Ferdinand and Isabella create the nation = late 1400s • Ferdinand and Isabella marry – unites Castille and Aragon - 1469 • Defeated Muslims, united Spain - 1492 • Expelled Jews and Muslims • Holy Inquisition

  3. Ferdinand and Isabella create a strong monarchy • Allied with townsfolk vs. nobles • Limited Cortes • Allied with Church

  4. The Golden Age of Spain • Royal Family = Hapsburgs – Charles V – early 1500s, Philip II – 1556-1598 • 2 Driving Principles = Catholic Faith, Power

  5. Making the country strong – Expansion and Colonization • Why? – Spread Catholic faith, and $= power (mercantilism) + gold and silver • Where? – Americas and Philippines • Also, acquired Portugal and her possessions

  6. Spain on top 1550-1650, but… • Spanish Armada fails to take England, 1588 • Excessive gold and silver leads to inflation • Financing of wars (such as 30 Years’ War = 1618-1648) across Europe leads to debt • Dutch revolt in 1600s • Marrying of relatives leads to less capable offspring

  7. Mercantilism… an aside • Mercantilism = • Favorable balance of trade = • What was the purpose of colonies?

  8. England: 1337-1649 The rise of a nation, the failure of absolutism

  9. Two Wars Make Monarchy Strong – 1. 100 Years’ War (1337-1453)

  10. Consequences for England • No more distraction from fiefs in France after loss • Loyalty to nation, king increased during this war

  11. 2. War of Roses = 1455-1485 • House of Lancaster vs. House of York • At stake – rule of Jolly Old England

  12. And the winner is… • Henry VII (1485-1509) of the Tudor family = House of Lancaster • War of the Roses left Tudors in control • Many nobles died in both wars

  13. The Tudors and Stuarts grow royal power (1485-1649) • Major Tudor monarchs = Henry VIII (1509-1547) and Elizabeth I (1558-1603) • Major Stuarts = James I (1603-1625), Charles I (1625-1649)

  14. Henry VIII and Anglican Schism • Henry VIII dumps Catholic Church, becomes head of the English Church • Ensuing monarchs play religious ping-pong

  15. The Stuarts continued in their Anglican religion and persecuted those who were not Anglican • This led to many Englishmen fleeing to the New World – which enriched England

  16. Religious issues leads to colonization and increased power: • Anglican

  17. Obstacles to Royal Power • Tradition and Magna Carta in 1215 – limit kings’ power • Parliament (rich nobles) – controls $$ • Catholic Church • Nobles

  18. Overcoming the obstacles • Proclaimed Divine Right of Kings (James I) • Raised money without Parliament • Dump Catholic Church, replace with king as head of Church of England (Anglican Church) • Buy off nobles with land from Catholic monasteries

  19. Oops • But, Parliament tired of Charles I’s attempts to rule without them and…

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