1 / 28

Processes of rock and fossil formation

Comparisons of rocks and minerals and how they are related. Processes of rock and fossil formation. A mineral is a substance found in nature. They are solid, non-living substances. Minerals are made of atoms Earth has more than 3,500 different kinds of minerals. Mineral definition.

dyre
Download Presentation

Processes of rock and fossil formation

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Comparisons of rocks and minerals and how they are related Processes of rock and fossil formation

  2. A mineral is a substance found in nature. They are solid, non-living substances. Minerals are made of atoms Earth has more than 3,500 different kinds of minerals. Mineral definition

  3. Crystal shape – A mineral’s atoms can make shapes called crystals. The crystal gets its shape from the way the atoms inside are arranged. Crystals have smooth, flat surfaces and sharp edges. Cubic orthorhombic rhomboid Mineral properties

  4. Hardness Hardness test – Mohs scale from 1 – 10 Talc #1 --------- Diamond #10 Streak – The colored line a mineral makes on a plate. More mineral properties

  5. Some minerals break apart in a special way. Cleavage Fracture Color Luster More mineral properties

  6. When minerals mix together, they become rocks. Magma is made from many minerals. As magma cools, the minerals harden together and become rocks. Rock definition

  7. Igneous rocks are rock made from cooled magma. Obsidian Granite Basalt Igneous rocks

  8. Metamorphic rocks are changed by being heated and squeezed. Metamorphic rocks are usually very dense. Gneiss Schist Marble Metamorphic Rocks

  9. Sedimentary rocks are made of pieces of sediment that have been glued together. The glue for the rocks is made when water dissolves some minerals which later harden. Breccia Conglomerate Sandstone Sedimentary Rocks

  10. The rock cycle is continuous and moving in all possible directions. Rocks undergo changes over time

  11. It takes mechanical energy to move the sediments to form sedimentary rocks. Magma has a tremendous amount of heat to melt minerals together. It requires tremendous heat and pressure to form metamorphic rocks. Energy is responsible for changes to rocks over time.

  12. Erosion changes the surface of the Earth by wearing away the materials. mudslide water erosion Dust storm erosion

  13. Weathering changes Earth materials. Chemical Mechanical weathering

  14. Soil forms when rock has been weathered and eroded. Soil formation

  15. Fossils are the remains or traces of ancient life. They are at least 10,000 years old. They can be mineralized samples such as petrified wood. They can be materials from the organism like bones and fur. They can also be traces of the organism like footprints or nests. Fossils

  16. Fossils are most commonly formed when: 1. An animal dies and its skeleton settles to the seafloor where it is buried by sediment. 2. The sediment thickens and begins to turn to stone. 3. The skeleton dissolves and a mold is formed. 4. Minerals crystallize inside the mold and a cast is formed. 5. The fossil is exposed on Earth’s surface due to erosion. Fossil formation

  17. Deposition happens when the energy causing the transportation of sediments is unable to move them further. Therefore, they are deposited in an area. Sediments are deposited in layers. Deposition

  18. Rocks are dated by relative age. The older rocks are said to be at the bottom, while the younger rocks are normally on the top. Relative age

  19. These rocks have been folded In this case the youngest ones may not always be on top. Folding

  20. These rocks have been faulted Again some of the rocks have shifted, so relative age is harder to determine. faulting

  21. Fossils show evidence of the changing surface of the Earth. This fish fossil found in a mountain side is evidence that there was once a water habitat in this area. Fossils as evidence

  22. Recently deposited fossil layers are more likely to contain fossils resembling existing species than the older rock layers. The fossils in unit O will be closer to the existing species than those in the lower units. M will contain the oldest species. Fossil layers

  23. Energy from Earth’s interior causes changes to Earth’s surface. Earthquakes Volcanoes Earth’s energy can be transferred

  24. The Earth’s rock layer is broken into pieces that are in constant slow motion. From time to time, the pieces lock together, and energy that accumulates between the pieces may be suddenly released. It travels through the Earth in the form of waves. People on the Earth experience an earthquake. Earth’s interior energy

  25. An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust that creates seismic waves. These seismic waves transfer mechanical energy. Earthquakes

  26. A volcano is an opening in the Earth’s crust which allows hot magma to escape from below the surface. Earth’s interior energy

  27. A volcano is a release of energy that built below the surface of the Earth due to heat and pressure. Flowing magma transfers heat and mechanical energy. Volcanoes

  28. Small changes over time add up to major changes on Earth’s surface. Earth’s changing surface

More Related