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GRID

GRID. Training Module 1 General Presentation. Type of Substation. There are mainly 2 types of HV substations, depending on insulation medium between phases: AIS=Air Insulated Substations/Switchgear GIS=Gas Insulated Substations/Switchgear

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GRID

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  1. GRID Training Module 1 General Presentation

  2. Type of Substation There are mainly 2 types of HV substations, depending on insulation medium between phases: AIS=Air Insulated Substations/Switchgear GIS=Gas Insulated Substations/Switchgear AIS are almost exclusively open type/outdoors substations, while most of GIS (75 %) are indoors. Medium voltage substations also use AIS/GIS technologies but mostly in prefabricated solutions. AIS MVS GIS

  3. Gas Insulated Substation SF6 is an insulating gas which allows to drastically reduce the distance between an electrical conductor and the ground or between conductors of different phases. In SF6 insulated substations, we find the same main components in term of functions than in air insulated sub-stations: surge arresters, disconnectors, instrument transformers, circuit breakers, but with reduced dimensions.

  4. Around 0,25 GIS GIS GIS 1,1 to 1,5 with Civil 1,5 to 2 w/o Civil COST Dead Tank AIS SURFACE Differentiation GIS/AIS

  5. Differentiation GIS/AIS Having Regard to Land Area • Ref CIGRE 2003

  6. Substation Architecture AIS (Double Bus Bar 4 lines, 2 tranformers, 1 coupling bay)

  7. Substation Architecture GIS (Double Bus Bar 4 lines, 2 transformers, 1 coupling bay)

  8. GIS References • GIS substations are well adapted for any kind of application where: • Space is restricted (urban areas) • Climatic conditions are severe (close to the sea) • Pollution is high (industrial areas) • High availability is requested (power plants) • Environmental constraints (installation indoor, underground) Any kind of single line diagram can be arranged

  9. Products

  10. GIS Range 72,5 kV 145 kV 170 kV 245 kV 300 kV 362 kV 420 kV 550 kV 31,5 kA F35 (3 ph) B65 (1 ph) T155 B105 40 kA 50 kA 63 kA

  11. GIS F35 - 72.5 kV

  12. GIS B65 Substation ‘Appenzell‘, 145 kV

  13. GIS B105 Substation Canary Island, 245 kV

  14. GIS T155 Escombreras, Spain 420 kV

  15. GIS T155 420 kV Spain, Amorebieta Italy, Tavazzano

  16. Gas Insulated Lines N2 + SF6 Conductor Conical insulator Particle Traps It is possible to insulate an electric conductor from its environment with a mixture of Nitrogen and SF6 (sulfur hexafluorid) contained in a tight envelope. This technology is able to replace polymer or oil type cables and drastically reduce the distance between the conductor and the ground. The conductor is maintained in the centre of the envelop by conical insulating spacers. Gas insulating lines are often used for the output of generators in polluted areas.

  17. Comparison OHL – HV CABLE GIL

  18. Operating Mechanisms FK 3-1 ....FK 3-12 A full range from 600 to 12000 Joules for all high voltage circuit breaker applications :

  19. GIS Product Overview • Technical DataF 35 B 65 B 105 • Rated voltage [kV] 72,5 - 145 145 245 - 300 • Rated power frequency withstand voltage [kV] 140 - 275 275 460 • Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage [kV] 325 - 650 650 1050 • Rated current [A] 2000 - 2500 (3150) 2500 (3150) 3150-4000 • Rated permissible peak withstand current [kA] 80 - 104 100 100-125-160 • Rated short-circuit breaking capacity [kA] 31,5 - 40 40 50-63 • Rated frequency [Hz] 50 / 60 50 / 60 50 / 60 • Min. gas operating pressure (rel.): • switchgear / circuit breaker [bar] 5,5-6,3 / 5,5-6,3 5,5 / 5,5 5,5- 4,5 / 5,5 • Application Indoor indoor/outdoor indoor/outdoor • Enclosure three-phase single-phase single-phase • Permissible ambient temperature [°C] -25 / +40 -25 / +40 -25 / +40 • Bay dimensions: • width / depth / height [m] 0,65/3,4/2,7 1,2 / 3,4 / 2,9 1,5-1,85 / 5,0 / . 0,8 / 3,8 / 2,8 3,7-4,2 • weight [kg] 1500 - 2800 3200 5800-6400 • Operating system three-pole single or three-pole single-pole • spring operatedspring operatedspring operated • Other values on request

  20. GIS Product Overview • Technical Data T 155 • Rated voltage [kV] 362 420 550 • Rated power frequency withstand voltage [kV] 450 620 620-740 • Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage [kV] 1175 1425 1550-1800 • Rated current [A] 4000 4000 4000 - 6300 • Rated permissible peak withstand current [kA] 160 160 160 • Rated short-circuit breaking capacity [kA] 63 63 63 • Rated frequency [Hz] 50 / 60 50 / 60 50 / 60 • Min. gas operating pressure (rel.): • switchgear / circuit breaker [bar] 2,9 / 6,5 2,9 / 6,5 2,9-4,5 / 6,5 • Application indoor/outdoor indoor/outdoor indoor/outdoor • Enclosure single-phase single-phase single-phase • Permissible ambient temperature [°C] -25 / +40 -25 / +40 -25 / +40 • Bay dimensions: • width / depth / height [m] 2,7 / 7,0 / 6,6 2,7 / 7,0 / 6,6 2,7/ 7 / 6,6 • weight [kg] 15000 15000 15000 • Operating system single-pole single-pole single-pole • spring operated spring operated spring operated • Other values on request

  21. Technical Evolutions and Trends

  22. Circuit Breakers • Optimisation of energy needed for breaking • Optimisation of size and mass of SF6 • Generalisation of reliable low cost spring mechanism instead of hydraulic or pneumatic mechanisms • Development of synergies within the range of CB • Use of vacuum cell for voltages up to 145kV • Research on hybrid circuit breaker for all voltages (vacuum cell for high short circuit current interrupting capability and conventional interrupting unit for withstand of recovery voltages) • Research on intelligent drives.

  23. Evolution of Tripping Energy

  24. Evolution of Circuit Breaker Spring Drives The Family FK 3-X (2001) FK 3-4 FK 3-2 FK 3-1 FK 2 (1934) FK 3-12 FKF 2-12 (1984)

  25. Evolution of Size and Mass of Gas for GIS 245 kV 1973 Double pressure circuit breaker B 214 40 kA / 950 kV BIL 255 kg SF6 • Reduction of SF6 filling amounts for 245 kV circuit breaker: Factor 5 in 31 years 1985 Puffer circuit breaker B 212/4 40 kA / 950 kV BIL 66 kg SF6 • Increase of breaking capacity per kg SF6:Factor 14 in 31 years 1999 Selfblast circuit breaker type B 105 50 kA / 1050 kV BIL 56 kg SF6 2004 Selfblast circuit breaker B 105 300 kV 63 kA / 1050 kV BIL 54 kg SF6

  26. Optimisation of Dimensions

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