Chapter 4 eoct vocabulary terms

1. Chapter 4 eoct vocabulary terms

2. Time at the turn of the Century when mechanization in industry replaced manual labor. • Began in England, but quickly spread to the US. • Lowell, Mass.

3. Industrial revolution • Time at the turn of the Century when mechanization in industry replaced manual labor. • Began in England, but quickly spread to the US. • Lowell, Mass.

4. Invented the Cotton Engine (gin) in 1793 • Allowed the South to clean/ harvest cotton at a more rapid rate (Cotton Kingdom) • Increased slavery

5. Eli Whitney • Invented the Cotton Engine (gin) in 1793 • Allowed the South to clean/ harvest cotton at a more rapid rate (Cotton Kingdom) • Increased slavery

6. Eli Whitney’s idea to make replacement parts for machines • He first began making muskets, but the idea spread to all industries in the US

7. Interchangeable parts • Eli Whitney’s idea to make replacement parts for machines • He first began making muskets, but the idea spread to all industries in the US

8. An unforeseen consequence of the Industrial Rev. • The economic, social, cultural, and political differences b/t the: • North (factory/ immigrant labor) • South (plantation/ slave labor) • West (frontier/ small land owners)

9. Sectionalism • An unforeseen consequence of the Industrial Rev. • The economic, social, cultural, and political differences b/t the: • North (factory/ immigrant labor) • South (plantation/ slave labor) • West (frontier/ small land owners)

10. Mid 19th Century belief that it was God’s will for the US to expand and process territory from the Atlantic to Pacific Oceans.

11. Manifest destiny • Mid 19th Century belief that it was God’s will for the US to expand and process territory from the Atlantic to Pacific Oceans.

12. March 6, 1836 • Small group of Texans took refuge in an abandoned Spanish mission to fight against the much larger Mexican army under Gen. Santa Anna • All 186 Texans died • Became rallying cry for the Texas Revolution

13. The Alamo • March 6, 1836 • Small group of Texans took refuge in an abandoned Spanish mission to fight against the much larger Mexican army under Gen. Santa Anna • All 186 Texans died • Became rallying cry for the Texas Revolution

14. Texas won independence from Mexico, and wanted to become a state. • Northern Republicans didn’t want it to b/c it could become many slave states • TX became a slave state in 1845

15. Annexation of Texas • Texas won independence from Mexico, and wanted to become a state. • Northern Republicans didn’t want it to b/c it could become many slave states • TX became a slave state in 1845

16. After TX, Polk turned his attention to Oregon, which was jointly owned w/ Britain. • “54-40 or Fight!” was the slogan in this feud. • Britain gave up its claim to the land

17. Oregon • After TX, Polk turned his attention to Oregon, which was jointly owned w/ Britain. • “54-40 or Fight!” was the slogan in this feud. • Britain gave up its claim to the land

18. Polk then provoked a war w/ Mexico • Feb. 1848 Congress agreed, and US and Mexico began the Mexican-American War. • The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ended this war w/ the US gaining a lot of land • The Gadsden Purchase was the last land acquisition by the US…it set the boundaries of the US today.

19. War on Mexico/ Gadsden purchase • Polk then provoked a war w/ Mexico • Feb. 1848 Congress agreed, and US and Mexico began the Mexican-American War. • The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ended this war w/ the US gaining a lot of land • The Gadsden Purchase was the last land acquisition by the US…it set the boundaries of the US today.

20. Settlers rushed into CA when gold was discovered at Sutters Mill. • The Compromise of 1850 enabled CA to be entered as a non-slave state in 1850

21. California gold rush 1849 • Settlers rushed into CA when gold was discovered at Sutters Mill. • The Compromise of 1850 enabled CA to be entered as a non-slave state in 1850

22. Hero in the War of 1812 • Was a “normal” person, not wealthy aristocrat • His govt favored the poor common man • Spoils System

23. Andrew Jackson • Hero in the War of 1812 • Was a “normal” person, not wealthy aristocrat • His govt favored the poor common man • Spoils System

24. Western expansion • Rights of the frontier settlers • Resented “eastern elites” • Believed in Universal Suffrage—all whites voting (no property requirement)

25. Jacksonian democracy/ universal suffrage • Western expansion • Rights of the frontier settlers • Resented “eastern elites” • Believed in Universal Suffrage—all whites voting (no property requirement)

26. Jackson rewarded those who supported him by giving them govt jobs (common today)

27. Spoils system • Jackson rewarded those who supported him by giving them govt jobs (common today)

28. Jackson’s belief that govt should not regulate private enterprise • Adam Smith first wrote of this in the book “The Wealth of Nations”

29. Laissez-faire economics • Jackson’s belief that govt should not regulate private enterprise • Adam Smith first wrote of this in the book “The Wealth of Nations”

30. Jackson believed that the federal govt should be restricted to only those powers the Constitution specifically gave (like Jefferson)

31. Strict interpretation of the constitution • Jackson believed that the federal govt should be restricted to only those powers the Constitution specifically gave (like Jefferson)

32. Jackson saw the Native Americans as an obstacle for westward expansion/ Manifest Destiny • Jackson supported GA’s efforts to remove the Cherokee tribe • The Cherokee sued (find ct. case), but were removed anyway

33. Indian removal act • Jackson saw the Native Americans as an obstacle for westward expansion/ Manifest Destiny • Jackson supported GA’s efforts to remove the Cherokee tribe • The Cherokee sued (find ct. case), but were removed anyway

34. The march of the Cherokee Indians from Georgia to Oklahoma, where many suffered and died along the way.

35. Trail of tears • The march of the Cherokee Indians from Georgia to Oklahoma, where many suffered and died along the way.

36. Jackson’s opponents took on the name “Whigs” • Jackson’s political party was the “Democrats” • Many bitter feuds b/t these two parties in the US during the 1840s

37. Two-party system • Jackson’s opponents took on the name “Whigs” • Jackson’s political party was the “Democrats” • Many bitter feuds b/t these two parties in the US during the 1840s

38. The Second Great Awakening inspired many Americans to take up social causes to help the disadvantaged during the 1800s • Education • Temperance • Abolition • Woman’s Rights

39. Social reform movements • The Second Great Awakening inspired many Americans to take up social causes to help the disadvantaged during the 1800s • Education • Temperance • Abolition • Woman’s Rights

40. Horace Mann fought for better public education in the US

41. education • Horace Mann fought for better public education in the US

42. Advocated abstinence from alcohol • Many states prohibited alcohol • Carrie Nation is an example of one such lady

43. temperance • Advocated abstinence from alcohol • Many states prohibited alcohol • Carrie Nation is an example of one such lady

44. The movement to abolish slavery in America

45. Abolitionist movement • The movement to abolish slavery in America

46. Members wanted women to be treated equally w/ men…wanted suffrage • Seneca Falls Conference (1848) • Key people: • Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Lucretia Mott • Susan B. Anthony

47. Women’s rights movement • Members wanted women to be treated equally w/ men…wanted suffrage • Seneca Falls Conference (1848) • Key people: • Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Lucretia Mott • Susan B. Anthony