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Sustainability and Globalization International approaches to solving Global problems

Sustainability and Globalization International approaches to solving Global problems.

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Sustainability and Globalization International approaches to solving Global problems

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  1. Sustainability and GlobalizationInternational approaches to solving Global problems

  2. Sustainability: “meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”-from the United Nations General Assembly (1987) Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future.

  3. A Brief History of the United Nations involvement in Sustainability

  4. Early actions: 1949: UN Scientific Conference: on the conservation of resources 1968: UN Economic and Social Council: decided to hold the first “Earth Summit” in 1972

  5. The First “Earth Summit” 1972 • UN Scientific Conference on the Human Environment • 1972 in Stockholm • Recommendations for international environmental action. • Established the Governing Council of the UN Environment Programme (UNEP)

  6. Post Earth Summit: • 1987 Environmental Perspective to the Year 2000 and Beyond. • 1988 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. • 1989 Montreal Protocol • 1992 The UN Conference on Environment and Development (aka The Earth Summit)

  7. The UN Conference on Environment and Development: • 1992 Rio de Janeiro • AKA The “Earth Summit” • Agenda 21 • UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

  8. Treaties to protect the environment: Usually two types: • Ones that deal with specific locations, entities (i.e., a particular river), or a species. • And ones that are global.

  9. Treaties to protect the environment: Each treaty may result in: • Regular meetings of the members • A secretariat – a small office to facilitate the meetings. • A group of scientific advisees.

  10. Difficulties in implementing the treaties • Secretariat may not have power to verify reports from members. • Secretariat may not have funding to enforce treaties. • Lack of central locations for all of these treaties means that there is overlap and redundancy.

  11. Difficulties in implementing the treaties • Trade agreements sometimes conflict with Environmental treaties. • Members may lack the funds or technology to implement treaties.

  12. United Nations work • Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) • The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) • UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

  13. Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) • Created at 1992 Earth Summit. • Forum for reviewing progress of Agenda 21. • Monitors activities of governments, private sector, etc. • The UN Division of Sustainable Development is its secretariat.

  14. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) • To study greenhouse warming and climate change • To study the global effect of climate change on sea level, food production, water resources, etc. • Has established itself as the state of the art interpretation of data.

  15. UN Framework Convention on Climate Change • Signing of this treaty began at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992. • Recognized that the climate system is a shared resource. • Kyoto Protocol is an addition to the treaty.

  16. UN Framework Convention on Climate Change • Climate Change Secretariat is located in Bonn, Germany • Coordinates with the IPCC and the GEF. • Major agreement on Carbon Equity: • per capita emissions should be more equitable across the world

  17. Action within countries • Climate change – need to change over to Carbon-neutral sources. • Cap and trade of Carbon dioxide • Building codes • Transportation

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