1 / 23

Avoiding Bankruptcy: The Credit Rating of High School Sciences

Avoiding Bankruptcy: The Credit Rating of High School Sciences. Keith Sheppard. The Academic Credit System -. “Educational Coin of the Realm”. The Academic Credit System -. “Educational Coin of the Realm” Part of the “Grammar of Schooling”. The Academic Credit System -.

eamon
Download Presentation

Avoiding Bankruptcy: The Credit Rating of High School Sciences

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Avoiding Bankruptcy: The Credit Rating of High School Sciences Keith Sheppard

  2. The Academic Credit System - • “Educational Coin of the Realm”

  3. The Academic Credit System - • “Educational Coin of the Realm” • Part of the “Grammar of Schooling”

  4. The Academic Credit System - • “Educational Coin of the Realm” • Part of the “Grammar of Schooling” • Ubiquitous

  5. The Academic Credit System-Uses • High School and College Graduation • Teacher certification • Faculty workloads and compensation • Departmental budgets • Transfer students • Etc.

  6. The Academic Credit System • Where did it come from? • Who invented it ? • Why? • Can it be changed?

  7. Before The Credit System - • All students followed the same courses • Classics dominated curriculum • Limited science offerings • “Chemistry, like virtue, must be its own reward” • Lecture/recitation/textbook dominated approach

  8. Before The Credit System -1870 Admission Requirements

  9. Enter Charles W. Eliot (1834-1926)

  10. Charles W. Eliot • Studied chemistry at Harvard • Became tutor in chemistry at Harvard • Promoted individual lab work • Was passed over for Chemistry Professorship • Co-authored first laboratory manual in English while at MIT • Became President of Harvard in 1869

  11. Charles W. Eliot • Introduced new subjects (science and modern languages) • Introduced the elective system • Educational accounting system needed

  12. The Elective System • Absolute prescription • Group Elective system • Free elective system

  13. The Committee of Ten • Chaired by Eliot • Hold a conference on each appropriate academic subject and make recommendations on a uniform education • Three science conferences

  14. The Committee of Ten • Introduced science to curriculum • Allocated time to each subject (The idea behind the credit system) • All science for all

  15. Committee on College Entrance Requirements CCER (1899) • Proposes ‘national unit’. • Recommends only ONE science credit for college admission. • (4 in languages, 2 English, 2 Math, 1 History, 6 Elective) .

  16. Enter Carnegie (1905)

  17. Enter Carnegie (1905) • Gives $10,000,000 to establish pension fund for college professors to be paid to institutions. • Set criteria for what was a college- • It had at least 6 professors • It had a course of at least 4 years of liberal arts • For admission not less than 4 years of high school

  18. Enter Carnegie (1905) • Defined four years of high school to mean a minimum of 14 units or credits earned -- The Carnegie Unit

  19. Enter Carnegie (1905) • Defined four years of high school to mean a minimum of 14 units or credits earned -- The Carnegie Unit A year’s work in any major subject= 120 sixty minute hours or its equivalent

  20. Enter Carnegie (1905) • The Educational Coin of the Realm

  21. Impact on Science Education • One year courses -fixed time • Fixed Order Biology-Chemistry-Physics • Limits innovation • Provides ability to transfer, easy scheduling

More Related