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Canada and World War 1

Canada and World War 1. Outcome. GL4 analyse the role played by WWI in shaping Canada’s identity identify and describe Canada’s various military roles and contributions in WWI analyse the impact of the war on Canada’s evolution from colony to nation

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Canada and World War 1

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  1. Canada and World War 1

  2. Outcome • GL4 analyse the role played by WWI in shaping Canada’s identity • identify and describe Canada’s various military roles and contributions in WWI • analyse the impact of the war on Canada’s evolution from colony to nation • explain how the war was a catalyst for societal change (e.g., changing roles for women, minorities, children, governments, and home front) • analyse some of the controversial decisions involving Canadians (e.g., internments, 1917 election, racist policies, and conscription)

  3. Your mission: Complete the organizer while we review and discuss

  4. Why did Canada enter the “War to End All Wars”? • When England declared war in August 1914 Canada was forced to enter • Regular force of 3110 men – unprepared for war • Not questioned that Canada would help England • December 1914 the first Canadian division of the Canadian Expeditionary Force landed in France (PPCLI) • Newfoundland soldiers remained British Expeditionary Force • French Canadians felt the war was not theirs but was a British and European affair

  5. Are you going? What you know in 1914… • Summer of tension building – knew Europe was beginning to feel tensions over land and economic conditions • Germany painted as the aggressor • Germany, Austria (Austro-Hungarian Empire) Turkey (Ottoman Empire) & Bulgaria v. England, France & Russia • Know of Schliffen Plan (German plan to win a European war introduced after the Franco Prussian incident) • Know of Belgium being worried they are between France and Germany and are important in the plan • Know that unemployment is high and getting higher in Canada

  6. Are you going? What you see…

  7. FYI…

  8. Remember your Organizer… Vimy Somme Passchendaele Ypres Important Battles

  9. Vimy Ridge April 1917 • Considered the defining battle for Canadians in the war – Made Canada known and feared (“The machine guns didn’t bother the canucks. They just leaned into them like an ol’ gale and went for the hun.”) • Canadian force told to capture the ridge • Previous French efforts had failed – 100,000 French dead or lost • Barrage enemy for over a week before the attack – this was supposed to destroy enemy fortifications like wire and artillery pieces

  10. Vimy Ridge April 1917 • 5:30 am 9 April 1917 • 15,000 Canadian infantry overrun German machine guns and trenches • 3,598 Canadians were killed and another 7,000 wounded • Many stories of bravery come from the battle and made the battle one of the more important defining elements of Canadian character • After this battle the Germans were famous for saying - Anyone but the Canadians…

  11. Hill 152 was the highest point of the ridge and had the most Canadian causalities • Memorial opened in 1922 by surviving veterans and officially donated by the French to Canada

  12. The Somme 1916 • Locked into Trench Warfare • Joint attacks planned for 1916 on the Eastern, Western and Italian fronts to break the stalemate • The Somme chosen for joint French/British attack (British = Canada) • German general jumped the gun and decided to attack – whole point was to kill soldiers – their side had more • February 21 1915 Germans began a 10 month barrage of British and French positions at Verdun

  13. The Somme 1916 • When the battle was over Verdun was German and 680,000 were dead or missing • British were begged by French to do something and a new attack plan had the British and her empire/commonwealth taking more heat • July 1, 1916 – November 18, 1916

  14. The Somme 1916 • The French and British agree to take different parts of the German line at Beaumont Hamel to take back the town • Allied barrage failed – the Germans hid underground • Newfoundland Regiment - 233 killed and 477 wounded/missing in the first ½ hour • 37,000 British killed or missing in the first day • Canadians entered the battle in September • Canadians captured village of Courcellette • Total gains – 13km, Total loss – 1.5 million combined dead and missing

  15. The Somme 1916 • First World War: Battle of the Somme - Digital Archives - CBC Player • Today in History • July 1 Newfoundland – Memorial Day

  16. Passchendaele 1917 9 Victoria Crosses for Canada • Instrumental in the battle • Capture German occupied Belgium ports by capturing heavily fortified ridges surrounding the port access • Launched from the only allied controlled piece of Belgium – Ypres Salient • Canadian Plan – Step by Step – attack smaller pieces of territory and slowly crush German lines

  17. Passchendaele 1917 • Nothing remained of the salient – it was attacked and pillaged concurrently through the war • October 17 1917 Canadians begin expanding transportation networks for the battle and realize the horrid conditions of Ypres after 3 years of war • November 10 1917 battle is over with no real ground gained by either side. • Canadian victory with the least amount of casualities and more “useable” land including the highest points of hills and ridges, Germans still dug in the western salient and hillsides. • 4028 Canadian causalities 15,654 combined causalities

  18. Passchendaele1917 • Original WW1 Battle Footage Passchendaele 1917 Pont des Arts – YouTube

  19. Ypres 1915 - 1917 • Canadians moved from quiet part of the line to battle in 1915 • Lee Enfield Rifles – Canadian standard issues – breaking, misfire when wet or dirty, not accurate • Ypres Salient – became the name given to the piece of land outside the city surrounded by hills • April 22, 1915 Germans attempted to remove allied presence through the use of chlorine gas • Left a 4 mile gap in the line • Germans unprepared with men and equipment so they could not take advantage of the break

  20. Ypres 1915 - 1917 • Canadians filled in the gap overnight • Germans attack again in May 1915 – this time ready to take advantage of breaks, the Canadians hold the line • In less than 48 hours – 6035 causalities with 2000 dead or missing

  21. Ypres 1915-1917 • Canadian divisions moved in rotation to the rear for rest after 2nd battle of Ypres • Went on to the Somme and Vimy • Returned to Ypres in the battle of Passchendaele

  22. Ypres 1915-1917 • CBC Digital Archives - The First World War: Canada Remembers - First World War: Gas! Gas! (Radio) • World War One - After the Battles of Ypres in France - YouTube

  23. Now do you go?

  24. Next Class… • Keep the Home Fires Burning - YouTube • Pack All Your Troubles (in your old kit bag) - YouTube • Nothing happens in a bubble… • People at home needed to Keep the Fires Burning and the soldiers needed to Pack All your Troubles- Why is that?

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