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Infection Control & Safety Awareness

Infection Control & Safety Awareness. Bobi A. Crump, RN, MSN, CPNP Pediatric Nurse Practitioner. Definitions. INFECT – to enter, invade or inhabit another organism, causing infection or contamination. To communicate a pathogen (germ) or disease. To transmit or copy.

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Infection Control & Safety Awareness

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  1. Infection Control & Safety Awareness Bobi A. Crump, RN, MSN, CPNP Pediatric Nurse Practitioner

  2. Definitions • INFECT – to enter, invade or inhabit another organism, causing infection or contamination. To communicate a pathogen (germ) or disease. To transmit or copy. • INFECTION – multiplication of an organism within the body. Rapid communication or spread. The body’s defenses are overwhelmed.

  3. The Definition • PREVENTION • to be in readiness for • to keep from happening or existing • to hinder or stop • to interpose an obstacle

  4. Why is this important? • Infectious diseases cause major problems for individuals and communities throughout the world. • Everyday the body is exposed to millions of microorganisms (germs, pathogens) that can cause illness and infection if they penetrate the body’s natural defenses.

  5. Organisms that Cause Infection • Viruses • Bacteria • Parasites • Fungus

  6. Transmission by Contact • Direct Contact – an infected person comes into contact with a potential (susceptible) host (any other person). • Indirect Contact – a germ contaminates an object. Blood on an item or spoiled food. Fecal-Oral. • Droplet Spread – (airborne) germs are spread through the air when an infected person talks, coughs or sneezes.

  7. Natural Defenses • Intact skin • Tears • Saliva • Healthy cough and sneezes • Intact immune system, fever • Minimal stress = Optimal function

  8. Head to Toe Specifics • Scalp – lice, tinea capitis • Ears – swimmer’s ear • Eyes – conjunctivitis (pink eye) • Nose – allergies, sinusitis, entry to the respiratory system • Mouth – tooth decay, food poisoning • Throat – strep throat, inner ear infections

  9. Pediculosus louse Scalp ringworm Gingivostomatitis

  10. Bacterial agent: Streptococcal mutans

  11. Respiratory • Reactive Airway Disease (RAD) • Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) • Croup (bronchiolitis) • Colds and Flu • Pneumonia • Chronic Bronchitis, Asthma • Tuberculosis

  12. Specifics About TB • Mycobacterium (very small bacteria) • Spread by droplets • Coughs, sneezes, speaks, sings, spits • Cover all coughs and sneezes with a tissue • The particles are so small that normal air currents can keep them airborne for hours, spreading them throughout a room or building

  13. Your Exposure Risk • Exposure to Active TB that is Prolonged Repeated Indoor Air Contact (poor ventilation)

  14. No symptoms Not contagious Positive PPD skin test Takes months to years to develop active TB You may never develop active TB Prolonged painful coughing, blood tinged Fatigue Fever (low grade) Weight Loss Night sweats You are contagious You need treatment Latent TB vs. Active TB

  15. Gastrointestinal • Vomiting and diarrhea • Food Poisoning • Salmonella, Shigella, E. Coli • Rotavirus, giardia • Hepatitis A, Hepatitis E • Peptic Ulcers (H. Pylori) • Worms (pin, round, tape)

  16. Genito-Urinary System • Urinary Tract Infections • Kidney Infections • Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) • Chlamydia • Gonorrhea • Syphilis • Herpes Simplex

  17. Circulatory or Systemic • Sepsis • Blood borne pathogens • Hepatitis B • Hepatitis C • HIV/AIDS – human immunodeficiency virus • Meningitis • Encephalitis

  18. Specifics About Hepatitis and HIV • Viruses spread by blood or body fluid contact (semen, vaginal secretions, other fluids with blood) • Direct Transmission – contaminated material enters through broken skin, or splashes eyes, nose or mouth • Indirect Transmission – contaminated environmental surfaces • HBV can live dried and at room temperature for up to one week

  19. Exposure = Infection Rates • If exposed to infectious material and unvaccinated your risks: • Hepatitis B = 30% • Hepatitis C = 10 % • HIV = 0.3 %

  20. Specifics About Hepatitis and HIV • Universal Precautions = Standard Precautions • Personal protective equipment • Gloves, masks, gowns, aprons, lab coats • Protective eyewear, mouthpieces or bags • Wash your hands! • The sooner you wash off contaminated material the less likely you are to become infected • Hepatitis B vaccination is highly recommended

  21. Skin • Contact dermatitis (poison ivy, oak) • Diaper rash, intertriginous zone rash • Impetigo • Scabies • Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot), corporis (ringworm) • Cellulitis (from trauma or animal bites) • MRSA–methicillin resistant S. aureus • Sun and Thermal Burns

  22. Impetigo Contact Dermatitis Scabies

  23. Tinea Pedis = athlete’s foot Tinea Unguium = Onychomycosis Tinea Corporis = any area of the body

  24. MRSAMethicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus S. Aureus: • thrives on human skin and mucous membranes (boils/cellulitis/sepsis) • grows rapidly with/without oxygen • can be carried by a host for a long period of time without causing infection

  25. Who Gets MRSA? • Prolonged hospital stay (elderly, very sick, immunosuppression) • Receiving broad spectrum antibiotics • Hospitalized in ICU or burn unit • Recent surgery • Carrying MRSA in the nose without developing illness • Spending time close to other patients with MRSA

  26. MRSA & Placement • MRSA status (negative culture, colonized, or infected) with regard to hospital and non-acute care facility admission warrants attention. • An institution should not deny admission to a person colonized or infected with MRSA if adequate facilities are available to deal with MRSA.

  27. Non-Acute Care Facility • Private room is preferred for infected or colonized patients • A MRSA colonized patient can be placed with a non-colonized patient who is not at high risk for infection • A colonized patient with poor hygiene may need a private room.

  28. Prevention in 6 Steps • Hand Washing • Clean and Disinfect • Food Preparation and Storage • Immunizations/Vaccinations • Use Antibiotics Appropriately • Avoid Wild or Unknown Animals

  29. HAND WASHING • Why? You infect yourself by touching your eyes, nose or your mouth • Big deal? You can also spread germs directly to others or onto surfaces…before you know it everyone around you is sick • So? It is THE MOST IMPORTANT way to prevent infection

  30. When should you wash? • Before, during and after food prep • Before and After you eat • Before and After Toileting • After changing a diaper or assisting another • After handling animals or waste • When your hands are dirty • Frequently if near sickness

  31. Clean and Disinfect • Cleaning with soap and water removes dirt and most germs. • Disinfecting kills additional germs on surfaces • Hot spots: • Kitchen, Bathroom • Shared equipment, Telephones, remote control

  32. How to Disinfect • Wear gloves, especially if you have cuts or nicks • Clean the surface first with soap and water • Use a disinfectant according to the label • Store in original containers out of children’s reach Wash hands, even if you wore gloves

  33. Food Preparation and Storage • Food borne illness kills up to 9,000 people per year • 80 million Americans per year suffer from fever, stomach cramps, vomiting and diarrhea

  34. Remember Food Storage and Handling guidelines • Proper preparation of foods • Proper handling • Proper storage or refrigeration

  35. ImmunizationsVaccinations • A very easy, inexpensive way to save lives • Fights disease in two ways: • Protects you • Prevents you from spreading disease • Immunizations across the lifespan • Flu, Td boosters, Pneumococcal conjugate, Varicella

  36. Appropriate Antibiotics • Drugs used to treat certain illnesses • Antibiotics do NOT work on viruses • Antibiotics do Kill certain bacteria • Take medication only and exactly as prescribed • Drug resistance • Each time an antibiotic is used unnecessarily or improperly, you increase the chance of developing drug resistance

  37. Avoid Wild Animals • Rodents – transmit hantavirus and plague • Ticks – transmit Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Lyme disease • Mosquitoes – malaria, encephalitis, West Nile Virus • Mammals – transmit rabies • Reptiles – transmit salmonella, e.coli or venomous bites

  38. Safety Specifics for ACRC Consumers • Do they have sunscreen, lip balm? • Wearing light colored clothing/helmets? • Is water available? • Are they in shade in the car? • How hot is the car seat? • Is there proper ID for communication impaired?

  39. Safety Specifics for ACRC Consumers • What are their allergies? • What medications & side effects? • Cause dehydration, sun exposure • What dietary restrictions? • Is there adequate supervision? • Consumer to staff ratio

  40. Safety Specifics for ACRC Consumers • What are the existing medical conditions that place that person at risk? • Infections • Seizure Disorders • Heart Disease • Metabolic problems - diabetes

  41. Health Promotion • Smoking Cessation • Good Sleep Hygiene • Appropriate Nutrition • Adequate Hydration • Take Care Of Your Teeth • GOOD HEALTH is • Your BEST DEFENSE

  42. Questions? Bobi A. Crump, RN, MSN, CPNP 978-6459 Bcrump@altaregional.org

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