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Ultrasound Imaging

Ultrasound Imaging. Today & Tomorrow Challenges & Opportunities. Xiaochen (Sean) Xu 1. Medical Business Unit, Texas Instruments 2. NIH Resource on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Univ. of Southern California xiaochenxu@ti.com October 19, 2007. Background. 15M grant available

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Ultrasound Imaging

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  1. Ultrasound Imaging Today & Tomorrow Challenges & Opportunities Xiaochen (Sean) Xu 1. Medical Business Unit, Texas Instruments 2. NIH Resource on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Univ. of Southern California xiaochenxu@ti.com October 19, 2007

  2. Background 15M grant available for university medical technology research • TI Medical Business Unit • Personal medical devices • Medical imaging • Wireless healthcare systems • Implantables • NIH Medical Transducer Center • PI: Prof. K. Kirk Shung, Fellow of IEEE(93’), ASA,AIUM • Research Areas: Materials, Transducers, and Systems • Collaborations: 10+ Universities, 5+ Companies. • Personnel: 15+ at USC, 10+ at Penn. State Univ. http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/landing/medtechresearch/index http://bme.usc.edu/UTRC/

  3. Outline Introduction Ultrasound Imaging: Today Ultrasound Imaging: Tomorrow Opportunities & Challenges for SC Summary

  4. Introduction Positron emission tomography • Medical Imaging X-ray, Ultrasound, PET, MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging Courtesy of google search

  5. Introduction • Ultrasound Imaging • Real-time • Non-invasive • Inexpensive and indispensable • 2~3 billion annual market in the US • New application fields • New technologies

  6. Tx Xducer Target Rx Introduction • Ultrasound • Sound: Mechanical wave, >20KHz, 2-15 MHz • Transducer: • Piezoelectric effects • Mechanical wave  Electrical wave • Pulse-echo Imaging mode Signals on Transducer

  7. Active Aperture Oil Direction of electronic scanning  Focus 1 Focus 2 Introduction • Transducers Focus 1 Mechanical Sector Scanner Linear Array Phase Array

  8. 2r zf Introduction • Transducers • Lateral Resolution • Axial Resolution • Engery • Sensitivity, Vpp, cycle No., Duration, FDA limit

  9. Introduction • Beamformer • Analog Beamformer • Early BF • Low Cost • Digital Beamformer • Flexable • Better performance • Dominant in Market

  10. Introduction • Typical System Courtesy of GE

  11. Outline Introduction Ultrasound Imaging: Today Ultrasound Imaging: Tomorrow Opportunities & Challenges for SC Summary

  12. Ultrasound Imaging: Today • Basic Imaging modes • Brightness Mode (B-mode) • Doppler Mode (D-mode) • Color Doppler Mode (2-D Doppler) • 3D & 4D Ultrasound Courtesy of GE

  13. Ultrasound Imaging: Today • Basic Algorithms • Scan conversion • cFFT based Doppler processing • Autocorrelation for Color Doppler • Image processing • 3-D image Reconstruction

  14. Ultrasound Imaging: Today • Basic Algorithms: Scan conversion Input Data: 30 frame/sec, 2K*256*12bit/frame, ~30M bytes Output Data:30 frame/sec, 512*512/frame(grayscale or color)

  15. sin I CH RF A/D cFFT Q CH cos Time Domain Frequency Domain Q(i) Q(i-1) Φi Φi-1 I(i-1) I(i) Ultrasound Imaging: Today • Basic Algorithms: • cFFT: Directional Doppler Processing • Autocorrelation: Color Doppler Processing

  16. Ultrasound Imaging: Today • Advanced Imaging Modes • Harmonic Imaging • f0 2f0 improved resolution • Better contrast • Contrast Agent • Injection of air-bubble • Improvement of SNR • Enhanced harmonic imaging • Future targeted contrast-agent Courtesy of medscape and Biomed Imaging Interv J 2006; 2(2):e17

  17. Ultrasound Imaging: Today • Advanced Imaging Modes • Coded-excitation • Excite transducer with long pulse • Increase energy i.e. Increase SNR & penetration • Remain same axial resolution Chiao & Hao, IEEE UFFC, vol. 52, no. 2, Feb. 2005

  18. Ultrasound Imaging: Today • Advanced Imaging Modes • Coded-excitation • Barker, Chirp, Golay • More coded algorithms NEEDED Chiao & Hao, IEEE UFFC, vol. 52, no. 2, Feb. 2005

  19. Outline Introduction Ultrasound Imaging: Today Ultrasound Imaging: Tomorrow Opportunities & Challenges for SC Summary

  20. Ultrasound Imaging: Tomorrow • Better Performance • High resolution • Wide application areas • Lower Cost • New transducer technology • New integrated-circuits • Smaller Size • New markets: ambulance, ER, OR • Large volume products

  21. Ultrasound Imaging: Tomorrow • Better Performance • High resolution B-mode Imaging: 75μm at 50 MHz, <15μm Ultrasound Doppler: <0.5 mm/s in capillaries Less Penetration: <1 cm at 50 MHz Areas: dermatology, ophthalmology, small animal

  22. Ultrasound Imaging: Tomorrow • Better Performance • Small Animal Applications • Preferred animal model (mice and rats) • Fast heart rate • Small physical size • Increasing market (Visualsonics, 25M+ Revenue) • Ophthalmology Applications • Retinal vein occlusion • Cornea measurement in LASIK

  23. Ultrasound Imaging: Tomorrow • Better Performance • HF System with 30MHz arrays • First HF array 30MHz • First HF Doppler with array • First HF High-frame System

  24. Ultrasound Imaging: Tomorrow • Better Performance • HF System with 30MHz arrays

  25. Ultrasound Imaging: Tomorrow • Better Performance • HF System with 30MHz arrays 30 Frames/s Rabbit eye images with 30 MHz 64-element Array

  26. Ultrasound Imaging: Tomorrow • Better Performance • HF System with 30MHz arrays Doppler Images 400 Frames/s Mouse heart images with 30 MHz 64-element Array

  27. Ultrasound Imaging: Tomorrow • Better Performance • HF System with Needle Transducer • Retinal vein occlusion (>0.5%) • Evaluating occlusion removal surgery • Velocity change vs. Occlusion • US Doppler with needle transducer Courtesy of www.mrcophth.com

  28. Ultrasound Imaging: Tomorrow • Better Performance • HF System with Needle Transducer

  29. Ultrasound Imaging: Tomorrow • Lower Cost • Expensive Transducers • Expensive Cables (256 1024 shielded wires) • Multi-channel LNA+VCA+ADC+FPGA+DSP

  30. Ultrasound Imaging: Tomorrow • Lower Cost • New Transducer Technology cMUT (capacitive micromachined US transducers) with integrated AFE PZT Mechanical Diced Transducer

  31. Ultrasound Imaging: Tomorrow • Lower Cost cMUT Status GE & Siemens • Reduce Cable Count • 1D  2D i.e. 256256*256 wires in cable • Integrated AFE to transducer • Eliminating impedance mismatch • Eliminating cable insertion loss • Example: • 2D array 2.5 MHz: 39 dB sensitivity improvement US Patent 5744898

  32. Ultrasound Imaging: Tomorrow • Smaller Size • New point-of-care applications • Ambulance, ER, bedside care • Increasing Market 41%growing 2006, 1 billion by 2012 Courtesy of GE and Acuson

  33. Outline Introduction Ultrasound Imaging: Today Ultrasound Imaging: Tomorrow Opportunities & Challenges for SC Summary

  34. Opportunities & Challenges • Growing Portable Ultrasound Market • GE 174M • Sonosite 171M 500M1 Billion in 5 years • Zonare 160M • Compactable and Powerful with Low Price • ASIC Off-shelf ICs • Advanced ICs • More Channel Counts • Semi-conductor Industry • Volume Counts • New Business from cMUTs

  35. Opportunities & Challenges • Wide Operation Voltage • 200 Vpp to 1.8V • Power Dissipation • <100mW/Ch, LNA+VCA+ADC • Low noise & Low power • FPGA+DSP+LCD ~10W • Laptop size  PDA size • Heat Issues • Transducer inefficiency: bad to patients and itself • Heat dissipation in smaller systems

  36. Summary “Hand-carried ultrasound systems (HCU) set to transform the ultrasound industry landscape . The HCU market is driven by two technology trends - advanced PC-based architecture and rapid miniaturization. Hand-carried ultrasound systems can reshape the U.S. ultrasound market in two ways and the industry participants will ultimately decide the direction of the market.” —U.S. Ultrasound Markets by Frost & Sullivan Research Service

  37. Acknowledgement Guidance Committee Dr. K. Kirk Shung Dr. Richard M. Leahy Dr. Jesse T. Yen Dr. Jonathan M. Cannata Dr. Ellis Meng

  38. Acknowledgement • NIH Resource Center Dr. Qifa Zhou Dr. Lei Sun Dr. Ruibin Liu Dr. Changhong Hu Mr. Jay Williams Dr. Bin Huang Dr. Rachel Bitton Dr. Jin-Ho Chang Mr. Dawei Wu Dr. Emanuel Gottlieb Dr. Jung-woo Lee Mr. Bruce Lai Dr. Johnson Huang Mr. Peter Lee Mr. Joe Han Mr. Hyung-Ham Kim Mr. Charles Sharp Dr. Jianzhong Zhao Ms. S. Sangkatumvong • Doheny Eye Institute Dr. Mark Humayun Mr. Charles DeBoer Dr. Hossein Ameri • The Institute of Genetic Medicine Dr. Laurence Kedes Ms. Yan Bai

  39. Thank You ! Questions?

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