Тема: C равнение систем здравоохранения в России, США и Великобритании

1. Научно-исследовательская конференция Профессиональная иноязычная компетенция в аспекте новых образовательных стандартов Тема: Cравнение систем здравоохранения в России, США и Великобритании Comparison of health systemsin Russia, the US and the UK Выполнила: Харитоненко Анна Юрьевна, Студентка группы М-22 2-го курса Специальности « Сестринское дело»

2. The objects of our study are: • the British health care system • The United States health care system • The Russian health care system • Objective: To analyze and compare the three models of health care, to identify positive and negative qualities of each model. • To accomplish this objective, we must solve several problems: • To study the features of the three health systems; • Expand the structure of health systems; • Review existing health programs; • Identify the advantages and disadvantages of each of health system.

3. Currently, there are three fundamentally different basic health care systems: 1) In the UK and Canada - mainly the public health system; 2) in Germany, France, Holland, Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, and some States, Latin America, Japan and Israel (in these countries are home to more than 1 billion people) - mainly insurance health system..; 3) in the United States - mostly private (paid) health care system. A special place is occupied by countries with a mixed health care system. These countries are countries of Eastern Europe and Russia

4. Noteworthy is the fact that the health care system of the United Kingdom was created taking into account the experience of the USSR. Experience of British public health system testifies to its high efficiency and accessibility at a relatively low cost of medical care. Most of the funds come from the state budget and is distributed from top to bottom on vertical management. Centralized financing allows containing the rising cost of treatment. A major shortcoming of budget financing of health care is a tendency to monopoly, disregard for the rights of patients, as a rule, lack of choice of physician, hospital.

5. Mostly private health insurance system, the most widely represented in the United States, is characterized by decentralization, and the development of infrastructure of insurance companies and the lack of state regulation. For most US health insurance is a private matter. Voluntary health insurance system covers more than 80% of the population. In the US, approximately 1,500 private insurance companies. Of these, one of the largest and most famous - "Blue Cross and Blue Shield."Often, health insurance paid by employers in the United States. In most large companies, health insurance is almost an essential condition, and in 1990 it covered about 75% of the US population.

6. Currently in Russia legislatively, functionally, complementing each other, the three health system: state, municipal and private. For the public health system concerns the authorized federal executive body (the Ministry). The main tasks of institutions and organizations that are part of the public health system is the management of the industry, the organization and conduct of research activities, organization and monitoring of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population, as well as providing the citizens of specialized, high-tech medical care. By the municipal health care system include municipal health management and municipally owned medical and research institutions, pharmaceutical companies, pharmacies, institutions, forensics, educational institutions, which are legal entities and operate in accordance with the law the Russian Federation, normative legal acts of subjects of the Russian Federation, federal and regional health authorities, as well as local governments . By the private health care system are medical and pharmaceutical institutions whose property is privately owned, as well as persons engaged in private medical practice and private pharmaceutical activity.

7. The advantages of British health care system: • - Central and regional planning, • - Financing through direct taxation, • - Management of the system through health care providers, • - Quality control of the state and health workers, • - Cost-effective use of resources, • Lower administrative costs.

8. The principal problems: • - Have little incentive to improve the efficiency of treatment work • - The state restrains the growth of spending by macroeconomic aspects, • - Consideration of opinion and freedom of choice for patients is limited, • - Turn are providing medical care regulator and stimulate private practice in respect of the privileged population, lack of comfort hospitals • - Inequalities in access to health care for certain social groups and territories, • Central planning limits innovation, weakly into account local interests and the interests of consumers, • - State monopoly in determining priorities, • - Authoritarian control system, weak links between the center and the periphery. • - Low labor cost of staff

9. The main advantages of the Russian health care : 1. Effectiveness in emergency situations (wars, epidemics); 2. Ensure that all segments of the population and all the main types of medical care; 3. The high rate of health system performance for your buck; 4. The efficient utilization of resources; 5. The large capacity to the replacement of the medical profession, the use of a team approach to ensure that the choice between medical care in the hospital and at home; 6. No problem insurance markets; 7. Saving resources. It provides organizations with payment of staff, because the lack of payment for a medical service does not encourage the appointment of unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Wages fixed. Hard order of budgeting and control of the prescribing physician.

10. The disadvantages of Russian health care system: 1. The lowest rates of health care development; 2. Lack of motivation on the quality of medical care; 3. The low salaries of health workers. 4. The political risks, fluctuations manifested share of health financing, depending on the policy priorities.   5. The risk of reducing the quality of health services due to lack of feasibility on the part of consumers control 6. The risk of increasing the flow of articles without adequately improve services 7. Possible increase in the deficit of health services, which is manifested in the increase of the service life expectations. 8. Excessive bureaucratization, due to control state agencies and state employees.

11. The advantage of US health care system: - A wide range of services, respectively the interests of patients, - Lack of queues, - The availability of specialized care guarantee - Treatment of confidentiality, attention to the patient, - High quality hospitalization conditions.

12. The principal problems: - high price, - Low affordability for the poor, - A large number of trials, - Inadequate spatial distribution of health institutions - Low level of use of capital and human resources, - Insufficient attention to the provision of home care and prevention, - The limited range of activities support staff nursing, - The difficulty of regulation and quality control of clinical work.