Boundless Teaching Platform: Affordable, Customizable Textbooks and Teaching Tools

1. Boundless Lecture Slides Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

2. Using Boundless Presentations Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Get started now at: • The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. http://boundless.com/teaching-platform • Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

3. About Boundless • Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with Boundless, visit boundless.com. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

4. The South American Revolutions Change in the Americas Brazilian Independence The Mexican War of Independence North America ] Change in the Americas Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

5. Change in the Americas > The South American Revolutions The South American Revolutions • The Spread of Revolution • Simón Bolívar • Gran Colombia • José de San Martín Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/change-in-the-americas-1250/the-south-american-revolutions-1251/

6. Change in the Americas > Brazilian Independence Brazilian Independence • Portugese Colonization of Brazil • Brazil's Exports • Constitutionalist Movement in Portugal • The Brazilian Empire Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/change-in-the-americas-1250/brazilian-independence-1252/

7. Change in the Americas > The Mexican War of Independence The Mexican War of Independence • The Effect of Events in Europe on Mexico • Spanish Rule in Mexico • Indigenous Efforts Against Colonialism • The Hidalgo Revolt • Winning Independence • The Archduke Maximilian in Mexico Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/change-in-the-americas-1250/the-mexican-war-of-independence-1253/

8. Change in the Americas > North America North America • The Rising Power of the United States • The Monroe Doctrine • The Canadian Confederation Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/change-in-the-americas-1250/north-america-1254/

9. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

10. Change in the Americas Key terms • Agustín de IturbideA Mexican army general and politician. During the Mexican War of Independence, he built a successful political and military coalition that took control in Mexico City on September 27, 1821, decisively gaining independence for Mexico. After the secession of Mexico was secured, he was proclaimed President of the Regency in 1821. A year later, he was announced as the Constitutional Emperor of Mexico, reigning briefly from May 19, 1822, to March 19, 1823. He is credited as the original designer of the first Mexican flag. • Army of the AndesA military force created by the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (Argentina) and mustered by general José de San Martín in his campaign to free Chile from the Spanish Empire. In 1817, it crossed the Andes Mountains from the Argentine province of Cuyo (at the current-day province of Mendoza, Argentina), and succeeded in dislodging the Spanish from the country. • assimilationThe process by which a minority group gradually adapts to the customs and attitudes of the prevailing culture and customs. • Battle of CaraboboA battle fought between independence fighters led by Venezuelan General Simón Bolívar and the Royalist forces led by Spanish Field Marshal Miguel de la Torre. Bolívar's decisive victory at Carabobo led to the independence of Venezuela and establishment of the Republic of Gran Colombia. • Benito JuárezA Mexican lawyer and politician of Zapotec origin from Oaxaca who served as the president of Mexico for five terms: 1858–1861 as interim, then 1861–1865, 1865–1867, 1867–1871, and 1871–1872 as constitutional president. He resisted the French occupation of Mexico, overthrew the Second Mexican Empire, restored the Republic, and used liberal measures to modernize the country. • bicameral parliamentA legislature in which the legislators are divided into two separate assemblies, chambers, or houses. Often, the members of the two chambers are elected or selected using different methods that vary from country to country. • Brazilian war of independenceA war waged between the newly independent Empire of Brazil and United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves which had just undergone the Liberal Revolution of 1820. It lasted from February 1822, when the first skirmishes took place, to March 1824, when the last Portuguese garrison of Montevideo surrendered to Commander Sinian Kersey. • brazilwoodA genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. This plant has a dense, orange-red heartwood that takes a high shine, and it is the premier wood used to make bows for stringed instruments. The wood also yields a red dye called brazilin, which oxidizes to brazilein. Starting in the 16th centuries, this tree became highly valued in Europe and quite difficult to get. • CabildosA Spanish colonial and early post-colonial administrative council which governed a municipality. They were sometimes appointed, sometimes elected, but always considered representative of all land-owning heads of household (vecinos). • caudillismoA cultural and political phenomenon first appearing during the early 19th century in revolutionary Spanish America, characterized by a military land owners who possessed political power, charismatic personalities, and populist politics and created authoritarian regimes in Latin American nations. • Chichimeca WarA military conflict between Spanish colonizers and their Indian allies against a confederation of Chichimeca Indians. It was the longest and most expensive conflict between Spaniards and the indigenous peoples of New Spain in the history of the colony. • Constitutionalist RevolutionA Portuguese political revolution that erupted in 1820. It began with a military insurrection in the city of Porto, in northern Portugal, that quickly and peacefully spread to the rest of the country. The Revolution resulted in the return in 1821 of the Portuguese Court to Portugal from Brazil, where it had fled during the Peninsular War, and initiated a constitutional period in which the 1822 Constitution was ratified and implemented. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

11. Change in the Americas • CreoleA social class in the hierarchy of the overseas colonies established by Spain in the 16th century, especially in Hispanic America, comprising the locally born people of confirmed European (primarily Spanish) ancestry. Although they were legally Spaniards, in practice, they ranked below the Iberian-born Peninsulares. Nevertheless, they had preeminence over all the other populations: Amerindians, enslaved Africans, and people of mixed descent. • Crossing of the AndesOne of the most important feats in the Argentine and Chilean wars of independence, in which a combined army of Argentine soldiers and Chilean exiles invaded Chile, leading to Chile's liberation from Spanish rule. The crossing of the Andes was a major step in the strategy devised by José de San Martín to defeat the royalist forces at their stronghold of Lima, Viceroyalty of Perú, and secure the Spanish American independence movements. • DominionA semi-independent polity under the British Crown constituting the British Empire, beginning with Canadian Confederation in 1867. They included Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Newfoundland, South Africa, and the Irish Free State, and from the late 1940s also India, Pakistan, and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). • Dutch West India CompanyA chartered company of Dutch merchants. On June 3, 1621, it was granted a charter for a trade monopoly in the West Indies (meaning the Caribbean) by the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands and given jurisdiction over the Atlantic slave trade, Brazil, the Caribbean, and North America. The intended purpose of the charter was to eliminate competition, particularly Spanish or Portuguese, between the various trading posts established by the merchants. The company became instrumental in the Dutch colonization of the Americas. • El DoradoThe term used by the Spanish Empire to describe a mythical tribal chief (zipa) of the Muisca native people of Colombia, who as an initiation rite covered himself with gold dust and submerged in Lake Guatavita. The legends changed over time, evolving from a man, to a city, to a kingdom, and then finally an empire. In pursuit of the legend, Spanish conquistadors and numerous others searched Colombia, Venezuela, and parts of Guyana and northern Brazil for the city and its fabulous king. In the course of these explorations, much of northern South America, including the Amazon River, was mapped. • engenhosA colonial-era Portuguese term for a sugar cane mill and the associated facilities. • Fathers of ConfederationThe 36 people who attended at least one of the Charlottetown (23 attendees) and Quebec (33) Conferences in 1864 and the London Conference of 1866 (16) in England, preceding Canadian Confederation. • federationA political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing states or regions under a central government. Typically, the self-governing status of the component states, as well as the division of power between them and the central government, is constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered by a unilateral decision of either party. • First Brazilian RepublicThe period of Brazilian history from 1889 to 1930. It ended with a military coup, also known as the Brazilian Revolution of 1930, that installed Getúlio Vargas as a dictator. • Gilded AgeA term that Mark Twain used to describe the period of the late 19th century with a dramatic expansion of American wealth and prosperity, in which the rapid expansion of industrialization led to real wage growth of 60% between 1860 and 1890, spread across the ever-increasing labor force. • Gran ColombiaA name used today for the state that encompassed much of northern South America and part of southern Central America from 1819 to 1831. It included the territories of present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama, northern Peru, western Guyana, and northwest Brazil. • hagiographicA biography of a saint or an ecclesiastical leader in any of the world's spiritual traditions. The term, especially in contemporary times, is often used as a pejorative reference to biographies and histories whose authors are perceived to be uncritical of or reverential to their subject. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

12. Change in the Americas • Haitian RevolutionA successful anti-slavery and anti-colonial insurrection that took place in the former French colony of Saint Domingue from 1791 until 1804. It affected the institution of slavery throughout the Americas. Self-liberated slaves destroyed slavery at home, fought to preserve their freedom, and with the collaboration of mulattoes, founded the sovereign state of Haiti. • Ignacio AllendeA captain of the Spanish Army in Mexico who came to sympathize with the Mexican independence movement. He attended the secret meetings organized by Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez where the possibility of an independent New Spain was discussed. He fought along with Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla in the first stage of the struggle, eventually succeeding him in leadership of the rebellion. • James MonroeAn American statesman who served as the fifth President of the United States from 1817 to 1825. He was the last president who was a founding father of the United States and the last president from the Virginian dynasty and the Republican Generation. In 1823, he announced the United States' opposition to any European intervention in the recently independent countries of the Americas with the Monroe Doctrine, which became a landmark in American foreign policy. • juntasA Spanish and Portuguese term for a civil deliberative or administrative council. In English, it predominantly refers to the government of an authoritarian state run by high-ranking officers of a military. The term literally means "union" and often refers to the army, navy, and air force commanders taking over the power of the president, prime minister, king, or other non-military leader. • LibertadoresRefers to the principal leaders of the Latin American wars of independence from Spain and Portugal. They are named in contrast with the Conquistadors, who were so far the only Spanish/Portuguese peoples recorded in the South American history. They were largely bourgeois criollos (local-born people of European, mostly of Spanish or Portuguese, ancestry) influenced by liberalism and in most cases with military training in the metropole (mother country). • Manifest DestinyA widely held belief in the United States that its settlers were destined to expand across North America. There are three basic themes to manifest destiny: the special virtues of the American people and their institutions; the mission of the United States to redeem and remake the west in the image of agrarian America; and an irresistible destiny to accomplish this essential duty. • Maximilian IThe only monarch of the Second Mexican Empire, a younger brother of the Austrian emperor Francis Joseph I. After a distinguished career in the Austrian Navy, he accepted an offer by Napoleon III of France to rule Mexico. • MestizosA person of mixed race, especially the offspring of a Spaniard and an American Indian. • Miguel Hidalgo y CostillaA Mexican Roman Catholic priest and a leader of the Mexican War of Independence. • Mixtón WarA war fought from 1540 until 1542 between the Caxcanes and other semi-nomadic indigenous people of the area of northwestern Mexico against Spanish invaders, including their Aztec and Tlaxcalan allies. • Napoleon IIIThe only President (1848–52) of the French Second Republic and the Emperor (1852–70) of the Second French Empire. He was the nephew and heir of Napoleon I and the first president of France to be elected by a direct popular vote. He was blocked by the Constitution and Parliament from running for a second term, so he organized a coup d'état in 1851 and then took the throne as Emperor on December 2, 1852, the 48th anniversary of Napoleon I's coronation. He remains the longest-serving French head of state since the French Revolution. • Napoleonic warsA series of major conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European powers formed into various coalitions, primarily led and financed by the United Kingdom. The wars resulted from the unresolved disputes associated with the French Revolution and the Revolutionary Wars, which raged for years before concluding with the Treaty of Amiens in 1802. The resumption of hostilities the following year paved the way for more than a decade of constant warfare. These wars had profound consequences for global and European history, leading to the spread of nationalism and liberalism, the rise of the British Empire as the world's premier power, the independence movements in Latin America and the collapse of the Spanish Empire, the fundamental reorganization of German and Italian territories into larger states, and the establishment of radically new methods in warfare. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

13. Change in the Americas • New GranadaThe name given on May 27, 1717, to the jurisdiction of the Spanish Empire in northern South America, corresponding to modern Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela. • New SpainA colonial territory of the Spanish Empire, in the New World north of the Isthmus of Panama. It was established following the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1521, and following additional conquests, it was made a viceroyalty in 1535. The first of four viceroyalties Spain created in the Americas, it comprised Mexico, Central America, much of the Southwestern and Central United States, and Spanish Florida as well as the Philippines, Guam, Mariana, and Caroline Islands. • Pax BritannicaThe period of relative peace in Europe (1815–1914) during which the British Empire became the global hegemonic power and adopted the role of a global police force. • Pedro INicknamed "the Liberator," he was the founder and first ruler of the Empire of Brazil. He reigned briefly over Portugal. • Pedro IIThe second and last ruler of the Empire of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years. Inheriting an empire on the verge of disintegration, he turned Portuguese-speaking Brazil into an emerging power in the international arena. The nation grew distinguished from its Hispanic neighbors on account of its political stability, zealously guarded freedom of speech, respect for civil rights, vibrant economic growth, and especially its government: a functional, representative parliamentary monarchy. • Peninsular WarA military conflict between Napoleon's empire and the allied powers of Spain, Britain, and Portugal for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars. • Peninsular WarA military conflict between Napoleon's empire and the allied powers of Spain, Britain, and Portugal for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars. The war started when French and Spanish armies invaded and occupied Portugal in 1807, and escalated in 1808 when France turned on Spain, its previous ally. The war on the peninsula lasted until the Sixth Coalition defeated Napoleon in 1814, and is regarded as one of the first wars of national liberation, significant for the emergence of large-scale guerrilla warfare. • Plan of IgualaA revolutionary proclamation promulgated on February 24, 1821, in the final stage of the Mexican War of Independence from Spain. The Plan stated that Mexico was to become a constitutional monarchy whose sole official religion would be Roman Catholicism. The Peninsulares and Creoles of Mexico would enjoy equal political and social rights. • Spanish Constitution of 1812Established on March 19, 1812, by the Cádiz Cortes, Spain's first national sovereign assembly. It established the principles of universal male suffrage, national sovereignty, constitutional monarchy, and freedom of the press, and supported land reform and free enterprise. This constitution, one of the most liberal of its time, was effectively Spain's first. • Spanish–American WarA conflict between Spain and the United States in 1898. Hostilities began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of the USS Maine in Havana harbor in Cuba, leading to United States intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. American acquisition of Spain's Pacific possessions led to its involvement in the Philippine Revolution and ultimately in the Philippine-American War. • Spanish–American WarA conflict fought between Spain and the United States in 1898. Hostilities began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of the USS Maine in Havana harbor in Cuba, leading to United States intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. American acquisition of Spain's Pacific possessions led to its involvement in the Philippine Revolution and ultimately in the Philippine-American War. • Treaty of TordesillasA treaty signed on June 7, 1494, that divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Portugal and the Crown of Castile (Spain) along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands off the west coast of Africa. This line of demarcation was about halfway between the Cape Verde islands (already Portuguese) and the islands entered by Christopher Columbus on his first voyage (claimed for Castile and León), named in the treaty as Cipangu and Antilia (Cuba and Hispaniola). It created the Tordesillas Meridian, dividing the world between those two kingdoms. All land discovered or to be discovered east of that meridian was to be the property of Portugal, and everything to the west of it went to Spain. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

14. Change in the Americas • Triangular tradeA historical term indicating trade among three ports or regions, especially the transatlantic slave trade. This operated from the late 16th to early 19th centuries, carrying slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between West Africa, Caribbean or American colonies, and the European colonial powers, with the northern colonies of British North America, especially New England, sometimes taking over the role of Europe. • United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the AlgarvesA monarchy formed by the elevation of the Portuguese colony of Brazil to the status of a kingdom and by the simultaneous union of that Kingdom of Brazil with the Kingdom of Portugal and the Kingdom of the Algarves, constituting a single state consisting of three kingdoms. It was formed in 1815 after the transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil during the Napoleonic invasions of Portugal and continued to exist for about one year after the return of the Court to Europe. It was de facto dissolved in 1822 when Brazil proclaimed its independence. • Xica da SilvaA Brazilian woman who became famous for becoming rich and powerful despite being born into slavery. Her life has been a source of inspiration for many works in television, film, theater, and literature. She is popularly known as the slave who became a queen. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

15. Change in the Americas Manifest Destiny U.S. territorial acquisitions throughout U.S. history. The new nation grew rapidly in population and area, as pioneers pushed the frontier of settlement west. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.pngView on Boundless.com

16. Change in the Americas Fathers of Confederation 1885 photo of Robert Harris' 1884 painting, Conference at Quebec in 1864, to settle the basics of a union of the British North American Provinces, also known as The Fathers of Confederation. The original painting was destroyed in the 1916 Parliament Buildings Centre Block fire. The scene is an amalgamation of the Charlottetown and Quebec City conference sites and attendees. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Fathers_of_Confederation_LAC_c001855.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fathers_of_Confederation_LAC_c001855.jpgView on Boundless.com

17. Change in the Americas Joseph Bonaparte, King of Spain During the Peninsular War, Napoleon forced the abdication of the Spanish King and replaced him with his brother, Joseph Bonaparte. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Joseph-Bonaparte.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Joseph-Bonaparte.jpgView on Boundless.com

18. Change in the Americas Agustín de Iturbide Oil painting of Agustín de Iturbide, leader of independence who was declared Emperor Augustín I, in 1822 following independence. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Agustin_de_Iturbide_Oleo_Primitivo_Miranda.png."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Agustin_de_Iturbide_Oleo_Primitivo_Miranda.pngView on Boundless.com

19. Change in the Americas Colonial Brazil Portuguese map by Lopo Homem (c. 1519) showing the coast of Brazil and natives extracting brazilwood, as well as Portuguese ships. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Brazil_16thc_map.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brazil_16thc_map.jpgView on Boundless.com

20. Change in the Americas Simón Bolívar A portait of Simón Bolívar by Arturo Michelena. Bolívar is considered one of the leading figures in the Latin American wars of independence. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Bolivar_Arturo_Michelena.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bolivar_Arturo_Michelena.jpgView on Boundless.com

21. Change in the Americas Gran Colombia A map of Gran Colombia showing the 12 departments created in 1824 and territories disputed with neighboring countries. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Gran_Colombia_map_1824.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gran_Colombia_map_1824.jpgView on Boundless.com

22. Change in the Americas Guayaquil Conference The conference between Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín. The real conference took place inside an office, and not in the countryside as the portrait suggests. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Entrevista_de_Guayaquil.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Entrevista_de_Guayaquil.jpgView on Boundless.com

23. Change in the Americas Diamond Mining Slaves mine for diamonds in Minas Gerais (ca. 1770s). Gold and diamond deposits were discovered in Brazil in 1690, which sparked an increase in the importation of African slaves to power this newly profitable market. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Juliao06.JPG."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Juliao06.JPGView on Boundless.com

24. Change in the Americas The Sugar Age View of a sugar-producing farm (engenho) in colonial Pernambuco by Dutch painter Frans Post (17th century). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Engenho_com_capela.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Engenho_com_capela.jpgView on Boundless.com

25. Change in the Americas De Mestizo y d'India; Coyote by Miguel Cabrera, 1763. A painting of a Mestizo man with his Indian wife and their children. The child of a Mestizo and an Indian is called a Coyote. The hierarchical system of race classification created by the Spanish during colonial rule had Spaniards born in Spain at the top and indigenous Indians and Africans at the bottom. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."340px-Cabrera_15_Coyote.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cabrera_15_Coyote.jpgView on Boundless.com

26. Change in the Americas Mixtón War Viceroy don Antonio de Mendoza and Tlaxcalan Indians battle with the Caxcanes in the Mixtón war, 1541-42 in Nueva Galicia. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."440px-Xochipilla.jpg."GNU FDL 1.2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Xochipilla.jpgView on Boundless.com

27. Change in the Americas Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla An expressionistic painting of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a priest who led a major revolt against the ruling Spaniards in Mexico. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Orozco_Hidalgo_mural.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orozco_Hidalgo_mural.jpgView on Boundless.com

28. Change in the Americas Édouard Manet's Execution of Emperor Maximilian (1868–1869) One of five versions of Manet's representation of the execution of the Austrian-born Emperor of Mexico, which took place on June 19, 1867. Manet borrowed heavily, thematically and technically, from Goya's The Third of May 1808. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."440px-Edouard_Manet_022.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edouard_Manet_022.jpgView on Boundless.com

29. Change in the Americas Spanish-American War Spanish–American War, the result of U.S. intervention in the Cuban War of Independence, which released Cuba from European influence as per the Monroe Doctrine. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."West_minstrel_jubilee_rough_riders.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:West_minstrel_jubilee_rough_riders.jpgView on Boundless.com

30. Change in the Americas Haitian Revolution Battle at San Domingo, a painting by January Suchodolski, depicting a struggle between Polish troops in French service and the slave rebels and freed revolutionary soldiers. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."600px-San_Domingo.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:San_Domingo.jpgView on Boundless.com

31. Change in the Americas The Constitutionalists The General and Extraordinary Cortes of the Portuguese Nation that wrote and approved the first Constitution. This constitutional assembly was composed of diplomatic functionaries, merchants, agrarian burghers, and university-educated representatives who were usually lawyers. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."Portuguese_Cortes_1822.jpg."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portuguese_Cortes_1822.jpgView on Boundless.com

32. Change in the Americas Brazilian Senate, 1888 The senators are voting on the Golden Law, which abolished slavery in Brazil, as a large crowd watches in the background. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia Commons."400px-Golden_law_1888_Brazilian_senate.png."Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Golden_law_1888_Brazilian_senate.pngView on Boundless.com

33. Change in the Americas Attribution • Wikipedia."Latin American wars of independence."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_American_wars_of_independence • Wikipedia."Decolonization."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decolonization • Wikipedia."Haitian Revolution."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitian_Revolution • Wikipedia."Decolonization of the Americas."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decolonization_of_the_Americas • Wikipedia."Latin American integration."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_American_integration • Wikipedia."Military career of Simón Bolívar."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_career_of_Simon_Bolivar • Wikipedia."Simón Bolívar."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Bolivar • Wikipedia."Latin American integration."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_American_integration • Wikipedia."Gran Colombia."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Colombia • Wikipedia."Simón Bolívar."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Bolivar • Wikipedia."Argentine War of Independence."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_War_of_Independence • Wikpedia."José de San Martín."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jose_de_San_Martin • Wikipedia."Military career of José de San Martín in Spain."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_career_of_Jose_de_San_Maritn_in_Spain • Wikipedia."Guayaquil Conference."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guayaquil_Conference • Wikipedia."Colonial Brazil."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_Brazil • Wikipedia."History of Brazil."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Brazil • Wikipedia."Colonial Brazil."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_Brazil Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

34. Change in the Americas • Wikipedia."History of Brazil."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Brazil • Wikipedia."Slavery in Brazil."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_Brazil • Wikipedia."Paubrasilia."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paubrasilia • Wikipedia."Liberal Revolution of 1820."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Revolution_of_1820 • Wikipedia."Empire of Brazil."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil • Wikipedia."Independence of Brazil."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_of_Brazil • Wikipedia."History of Portugal (1777–1834)."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Portugal_(1777-1834) • Wikipedia."Pedro II of Brazil."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_II_of_Brazil • Wikipedia."Empire of Brazil."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil • Wikipedia."History of Brazil."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Brazil • Wikipedia."Kingdom of Spain under Joseph Bonaparte."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Spain_under_Joseph_Bonaparte • Wikipedia."Spanish American wars of independence."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of_independence • Wikipedia."Peninsular War."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsular_War • Wikipedia."History of Mexico."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mexico • Wikipedia."New Spain."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Spain • Wikipedia."Casta."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casta • Wikipedia."New Spain."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Spain • Wikipedia."Mixtón War."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixton_War • Wikipedia."Chichimeca War."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichimeca_War Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

35. Change in the Americas • Wikipedia."Cry of Dolores."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cry_of_Dolores • Wikipedia."Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_Hidalgo_y_Costilla • Wikipedia."Mexican War of Independence."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_War_of_Independence • Wikipedia."History of Mexico."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mexico • Wikipedia."Mexican War of Independence."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_War_of_Independence • Wikipedia."Agustín de Iturbide."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agustin_de_Iturbide • Wikipedia."History of Mexico."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mexico • Wikipedia."French intervention in Mexico."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_intervention_in_Mexico • Wikipedia."Maximilian I of Mexico."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_I_of_Mexico • Wikipedia."Gilded Age."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilded_Age • Wikipedia."Manifest destiny."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifest_destiny • Wikipedia."American frontier."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_frontier • Wikipedia."History of the United States."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United_States • Wikipedia."Monroe Doctrine."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine • Wikipedia."History of Canada."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Canada • Wikipedia."Canadian Confederation."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Confederation Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com