ENERGIZER

1. ENERGIZER A crucial part of Christaller’s central place theory is the fact that goods and services vary in range and • access. • quantity. • spatial distribution. • threshold. • quality.

2. ENERGIZER A crucial part of Christaller’s central place theory is the fact that goods and services vary in range and • access. • quantity. • spatial distribution. • threshold. • quality.

3. ENERGIZER The movement of middle-class residents into run-down urban center city neighborhoods is called • urban renewal. • urban sprawl. • urban revitalization. • gentrification. • multiplier effect.

4. ENERGIZER The movement of middle-class residents into run-down urban center city neighborhoods is called • urban renewal. • urban sprawl. • urban revitalization. • gentrification. • multiplier effect.

5. ENERGIZER Which one of the following characteristics does NOT apply to cities in the developing world? • Rapid population growth • An inability to provide basic services for population • A colonial heritage • A small informal economic sector • A land-use pattern strongly influenced by function of the city

6. ENERGIZER Which one of the following characteristics does NOT apply to cities in the developing world? • Rapid population growth • An inability to provide basic services for population • A colonial heritage • A small informal economic sector • A land-use pattern strongly influenced by function of the city

7. Wednesday, May 13 Objectives: • Review in partners • Study big concepts as a class • Individually review old tests Homework: • Review hardest topics

8. Vocabulary Review • Grand Review Packet (Unit VII) • answer key on white board • Memory with Flashcards (computer cart) • state the definition = win the card • read the entire back of the card • AP Exam Study Guides (front table) • find cities section • Class Website • www.aphug-hansen.weebly.com

9. Summary of Unit • Over 50% of the world’s population lives in cities • Major urban populations today • US, Europe, Russia, Australia, Japan • Largest cities are in LDCs

10. Origin and Evolution of Cities • 3500 BC Mesopotamia (Iraq) • 3100 BC Egypt • 2500 BC Indus River Valley (Pakistan) • 1800 BC Northern China • 1500 BC Meso-America (Mexico) Urbanization spread in an uneven fashion, usually as a result of long-distance trade.

11. Urbanization • Rural-to-Urban Migration • Movement from countryside to city in search of economic opportunities and a better life • Began with the Industrial Revolution

12. Rapid Urbanization in LDCs • LDCs face the following problems: • Increased levels of pollution and traffic congestion • Shortages of clean drinking water • Insufficient sanitation services • Lack of sufficient electrical power • Lack of enough job opportunities • Strained education and healthcare facilities • Housing shortages • Increased problems with drugs, gangs, and violence

13. Global Cities & Megacities • World City Rankings • NYC • London • Tokyo • Paris • Hong Kong • Chicago • LA • Singapore • Sydney • Seoul • World City • global economic system • Megacity • over 10 million people • LDCs • High density, poverty • Limited resources

14. Megacities in LDCs • Megacities are indicators of social and economic change in their country and region. • For example, Karachi generates 20% of Pakistan’s GDP and provides 50% of the government’s revenue • Often,these cities are the site of cultural and educational institutions that promote social development, too.

15. Suburbanization • End of World War II • Availability of automobile • 40-hour work week • Housing boom • Home loans and affordable mortgages • 1970s-1990s • Purchasing power shifted to suburbs • Edge cities • Urban sprawl

16. Primate City and Rank-Size Rule • Primate City • At least 2x as large as next city • Significant / dominant • Mexico City, Paris, London • Former colonial capital cities • Rank-Size Rule • Decrease largely at first, and then slowly • US and Russia

17. Central Place Theory • Christaller’s CPT • Central places provide goods/services to surrounding areas • Assumptions: • flat countryside with no barriers to movement • purchase goods from closest proximity • travel further for luxury goods • Threshold: minimum # of people • Range: how far consumers will travel • Gravity Model • law of spatial interaction based on Newton’s law • Places closer together have a greater attraction

18. Models of Urban Land UseUNITED STATES • CBD • older, central city • Skyscrapers, banks, crowded streets • Concentric Zone Model – Burgess • as the city grows, expands in rings • Bid Rent Curve • land rent is highest closest to CBD • Sector Model – Hoyt • develops along transportation lines • Multiple Nuclei Model – Harris & Ullman • CBD is not the only nucleus

19. Location of Multiple Nuclei • Differential Accessibility • Wholesale requires terminals • Retail requires parking • Land Use Compatibility • Agglomeration (banking, finance) • Land Use Incompatibility • Heavy industry repels high-end residential • Location Suitability • Cost factors

20. Models of Urban Land UseOTHER WORLD REGIONS • Canadian Cities • More compact than US cities • Public transportation • Less suburbanization • Higher incomes than US cities • Western European Cities • Roman/Renaissance architecture, planning • Compact, less sprawl • Public transportation • Mixed zones • Old, historic core – affluent/wealthy • Immigrants live in fringes of cities

21. Models of Urban Land UseOTHER WORLD REGIONS • Eastern European Cities • Centrally planned communist era • Large square with gov’t / cultural buildings • Compact, high density • Mass transit • Residential areas have own services and central square • Latin American Cities • Central city important  periphery poor • Spine of residential area and shops

22. Models of Urban Land UseOTHER WORLD REGIONS • Sub-Saharan Africa • Most rapidly urbanizing region of the world • Inability to provide basic amenities • Clean drinking water, sanitation, disease • High IMR, low life expectancy • North Africa and Middle East • Structural deterioration • Overcrowding, urban sprawl • Sanitation, amenities • High birth rates, high immigrant rates, high unemployment rates

23. Models of Urban Land UseOTHER WORLD REGIONS • Asian Cities • Wave of economic prosperity • 20 megacities by 2020 • Mega-urban-regions link huge cities together • Government buildings locate near ports

24. Cities in the Developing World • Large informal economic sector • no formal contract, no taxes • Rural migrants • Produce major proportion of country’s GDP • Surrounded by high-density squatter settlements with few amenities

25. Cities in the Developing World • Colonial impact • Centrally planned land-use patterns • Asian cities • Forward capitals • Single, major business district • Purpose of the city = land-use patterns • Ports, industrial, mining center, markets

26. The Urban Economy • Basic Sector • produce goods outside the urban area • Non-basic Sector • Produce goods within urban area • Multiplier Effect • 1 new basic job = 2 non-basic jobs • Require more services Total Employment Basic Employment Base Multiplier =

27. Urban Housing • Segregation • Housing density decreases out from CBD • Urban sprawl • Urban renewal • Public housing • Gentrification • New Urbanism, Green Building

28. Weekly Plan Monday Models & Theories Tuesday Agricultural Land Use Wednesday Services & Cities Thursday Test Strategy Friday AP Exam