John F. Kennedy Inaugural Speech

1. John F. Kennedy Inaugural Speech

2. Ted Sorenson about Kennedy: “He believed in the power and glory of words—both written and spoken—to win votes, to set goals, to change minds, to move nations.”

3. Context of the Speech • January 20, 1961 • Cold War • Civil Rights Movement • Vietnam • Campaign Slogan: “New Generation Offers A Leader”

4. Background of the Speech: 5 Events • Europe 1939 – World War II: “…each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.” “the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans” “…we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty.” “ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country.”

5. Background of the Speech: 5 Events 2. Pacific 1943 – Iwo Jima, bombing of Hiroshima: “Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the globe.” 5

6. Background of the Speech: 5 Events 3. Berlin 1945- Fall of Berlin to the Red Army: “For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms… of human life.” “…both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom” “Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.” 6

7. Background of the Speech: 5 Events 4. Vietnam 1951 – Communists take over Vietnam: “…we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny.” “To those peoples in the huts and villages across the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves” “Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind?”

8. Background of the Speech: 5 Events 5. West Virginia 1960 – Kennedy won the West Virginia Primary solidifying his place as a Nominee for the Democratic ticket: “For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty.” “…to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty.” “…a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself”

9. Background on the Speech: Historical Figures • JFK was extremely well read • Known to read through speeches by Churchill and FDR for entertainment • Committed many of them to memory • Wanted to make his speech as memorable and well received as historical figures of the past, including: • Abraham Lincoln • Winston Churchill • Franklin Delano Roosevelt

10. Rhetorical Tools • Alliteration: • “forebears fought” • “friend and foe” • “pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship” • Repetition: • “To Those…” • “Let Both Sides…” • Personification: • American nation as “master of the house,” the trumpet summons us”

11. Rhetorical Tools Continued • Antithesis: Simplified complicated problems into simple choices providing a framework in which American’s could understand them. • We observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. • Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. • And so my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. • If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.