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SPECULATION & DEDUCTION IN THE PAST

SPECULATION & DEDUCTION IN THE PAST. 8b lesson - 29th October 20013. To speculate and make deduction in the past we use the following constructions: MUST - MAY/MIGHT/COULD - CAN'T/COULDN'T + have + past participle

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SPECULATION & DEDUCTION IN THE PAST

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  1. SPECULATION & DEDUCTION IN THE PAST 8b lesson - 29th October 20013

  2. To speculate and make deduction in the past we use the following constructions: • MUST - MAY/MIGHT/COULD - CAN'T/COULDN'T + have + past participle • As you know must - may/might/could - can't/couldn't are modal verbs and each of them is used for a specific purpose.

  3. must + have + past participleis used to express a certainty that something happened in the past, normally by deduction. • For example: "I must have leftmy mobile phone in the car. It isn't in the house."

  4. may/might/could + have+ past participleare used to express deduction about a possibility. • For example: "Pete's late. He could/may/might have missedthe bus!"

  5. can't/couldn't + have + past participleare used to express past impossibility by deduction. • For example: "You can't/couldn't have lostyour keys. You used them to open the door"

  6. Here below you can find a very simple exercise. Fill in the spaces. 1) David: "Orson walked straight past me and didn't say "hello". And I'm sure he saw me." June: "He ...................... (may/have) something in his mind or he ....................... (might/be) in a terrible hurry.” mayhavehad mighthavebeen

  7. musthavegot • 2) The thieves ...............………. (must/get) into the house through this window. It's broken.

  8. couldn’t havemade • 3) The thieves .................................... (couldn't/ make) any noise because the neighbours didn't hear them

  9. couldhaveleft • You ...............................(could/leave) your keys in the kitchen. Look there.

  10. can’t havestudied • He .................................... (can't/study) much for the exam because he failed horribly.

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