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Storage Design for Agile VDI

Storage Design for Agile VDI. Alex Danilychev, PhD. Introduction. Typical design. Blade servers Shared storage. Typical challenges. Hardware cost is 80% storage dependent Bulk storage purchasing impeding incremental growth Future scalability will demand storage redesign.

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Storage Design for Agile VDI

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  1. Storage Design for Agile VDI Alex Danilychev, PhD

  2. Introduction

  3. Typical design • Blade servers • Shared storage

  4. Typical challenges • Hardware cost is 80% storage dependent • Bulk storage purchasing impeding incremental growth • Future scalability will demand storage redesign

  5. Shared storage growth and user productivity User Count User Count 500 1,000 500 Productivity per user Cost, AU 100 200 AU – arbitrary units

  6. Combined productivity and storage evolution Combined Productivity Combined Productivity ? Alternatives 1,000 1,000 Redesign Redesign Redesign 500 500 Cost, AU 100 200 100 200 Cost, AU

  7. What can we do differently?

  8. Agile design is a balanced design

  9. Citrix VM delivery options • Single-tenant VMs: • VDI-in-a-Box • MCS (Machine Creation Services) – XenDesktop • Single-tenant and multi-tenant VMs: • PVS (Provisioning Services) – XenDesktop and XenApp

  10. Write-cache design with shared storage Active Directory Web Interface VMs Desktop Delivery Controller VMs SQL Server VM write-cache Virtual Machines XenDesktop VM Instances Licensing Server VM XenApp Server VMs Provisioned VMs Users Cost Local write-cache Provisioning Servers shared storage hypervisor

  11. Write-cache design with local storage Active Directory Web Interface VMs Desktop Delivery Controller VMs SQL Server VM Virtual Machines XenDesktop VM Instances Licensing Server VM XenApp Server VMs Provisioned VMs Users Cost Local write-cache Provisioning Servers shared storage hypervisor

  12. Write-cache on local storage User Count User Count 50 1,000 500 Productivity per user Within individual server Cost, AU 100 200

  13. Combined productivity and storage evolution Redesign is not necessary Combined Productivity Combined Productivity 1,000 1,000 Redesign Redesign Redesign 500 500 Before After hard to predict non-linear growth sustainable linear growth Cost, AU 100 200 100 200 Cost, AU Local Storage Shared Storage

  14. Typical user workload XenDesktop* XenApp* * Data points are for illustration purposes only. Do your own benchmarks!

  15. Storage capacity vs. user count Storage capacity (Gb)* User Count * Array with 146Gb drives Storage Capacity – (RAM per user * User Count + Hypervisor RAM) Storage per user Storage Capacity – Hypervisor RAM RAM per user + Storage per user User Count = User Count =

  16. Storage performance User Workloads IO per Disk RAID Write Penalties

  17. Reliability • Disk reliability • RAID redundancy • Uptime

  18. Storage cost Unit Cost Cost of Ownership

  19. Are mechanical disksaffordable but just too slow?

  20. RAID performance for 4K IO workloads Write coalescing, i.e. “derandomizing IO” in action (RAID 5, 8 SAS 15k) 3,000 IOPS 4K IO, Random Read 4K IO, Random Write Utilization, % Wait IOMeter load, XenServer 6.0.2 IOSTAT output

  21. Quest for an agile well balanced server

  22. Modern 1U server space for 10Gb NICs for user and PVS traffic high capacity internal storage – 6 to 10 SAS drives redundant power remote management 1Gb NICs Hypervisor management

  23. Modern 1U server • 2 socket design, 12-16 cores • 6-10 15k SAS drives, 146-300Gb each • Storage grade RAID controllers (0.5-1Gb cache)

  24. Sufficient capacity and performance • 0.5-1Tb capacity in RAID 10 (6-10 15k SAS drives, 146Gb or 300Gb) • 2,000-3,000 IOPs available • 80-100 concurrent users consume only 1,600-2,000 IOPs at 20 IOPs per user

  25. Per server hardware cost (including storage) • $10,000 to $16,000 per server • Under $200 per user at 80-100 user density per server

  26. Shared vs. local storage • High Availability • Fault Tolerance • Resource rebalancing • Maintenance

  27. Implementation Building block: • 1 rack • 2 PVS Servers • 2 XenServer pools, ~16 server each • Local 10Gb interfaces • Utilize PVS subnet affinity • Estimated user count ~ 3,000 to 4,000

  28. 3,000-4,000 user building block (one per rack) HA design with no shared storage PVS fail-over traffic Network switch VM hosts with user workloads Localized PVS traffic PVS servers

  29. Reduce hardware cost by leveraging local storage Hardware cost reduction from $1,000+ per user to under $200 Deliver consistent performance for workloads big and small Endorse modular design that is easy to benchmark and maintain Be ready for sustainable growth Conclusion

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