ULUSLAR ARASI BAĞLAMDA BEDEN DİLİ

1. ULUSLARARASI BAĞLAMDA BEDEN DİLİ MDBS 115 BAHAR - 2012 DOĞU AKDENİZ ÜNİVERSİTESİ Kenan BASARAN

2. HOW DOES BODY SPEAK? • LIKE ANY SPOKEN LANGUAGE, BODY LANGUAGE HAS WORDS, SENTENCES AND PUNCTUATION. • EACH GESTURE IS LIKE A SINGLE WORD AND ONE WORD MAY HAVE SEVERAL DIFFERENT MEANINGS. Kenan BASARAN

3. BODILY SPEAKING… • ACCORDING TO THE SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGIST, EDWARD T. HALL, IN A NORMAL CONVERSATION BETWEEN TWO PERSONS, LESS THAN 35% OF THE SOCIAL MEANINGS IS ACTUALLY TRANSMITTED BY WORDS. • SO, AT LEAST 65% OF IT IS CONVEYED THROUGH THE BODY (NON-VERBAL CHANNEL). Kenan BASARAN

4. Let’s Examine How Body Communicates, from head to toes Kenan BASARAN

5. HEAD / BAŞ • NODDING THE HEAD / BAŞI AŞAĞIYA DOĞRU SALLAMAK • “YES” IN MOST SOCIETIES • “NO” IN SOME PARTS OF GREECE, (Former)YUGOSLAVIA, BULGARIA, AND TURKEY • TOSSING THE HEAD BACKWARD/ BAŞI ARKAYA İTMEK • “YES” IN THAILAND, THE PHILIPPINES, INDIA, LAOS • ROCKING HEAD SLOWLY, BACK AND FORTH / BAŞI YAVAŞÇA AŞAĞI –YUKARI OYNATMAK • “YES, I’M LISTENING” IN MOST ASIAN CULTURES Kenan BASARAN

6. FACE / YÜZ Kenan BASARAN

7. FACE / YÜZ • FACIAL EXPRESSIONS REFLECT EMOTION, FEELINGS AND ATTITUDES, BUT….. • THE ASIANS ARE SOMETIMES KNOWN AS • EMOTIONLESS • MIXED-UP EMOTION Kenan BASARAN

8. EYES / GÖZLER • EYE CONTACTS / GÖZ TEMASI • ENCOURAGED IN AMERICA, CANADA, EUROPE • RUDE IN MOST ASIAN COUNTRIES AND IN AFRICA • RAISING EYEBROWS / KAŞ YUKARIDA • “YES” IN THAILAND AND SOME ASIAN COUNTRIES • “HELLO” IN THE PHILIPPINES Kenan BASARAN

9. EYES / GÖZLER • CLOSED EYES / GÖZKAPAKLARI KAPALI • BORED OR SLEEPY IN AMERICA • “I’M LISTENING AND CONCENTRATING.” IN JAPAN, THAILAND, CHINA • WINKING EYE / GÖZ KIRPMAK • SHARING SECRET IN AMERICA AND EUROPE • FLIRTATIOUS GESTURE IN OTHER COUNTRIES Kenan BASARAN

10. EARS /KULAKLAR • EAR GRASP / KULAKLARI AVUÇ İLE KAPATMAK • “I’M SORRY.” IN PARTS OF INDIA • CUPPING THE EAR / İYİ DUYMAK İÇİN AVUÇLARLA KULAK ARKASINDAN DESTEK OLMAK • “I CAN’T HEAR YOU.” IN ALL SOCIETIES • PULLING EAR / KULAK ÇEKMEK • “YOU ARE IN MY HEART” FOR NAVAJO INDIANS Kenan BASARAN

11. NOSE / BURUN • HOLDING THE NOSE / BURNU TUTMAK • “SOMETHING SMELLS BAD.” UNIVERSAL • NOSE TAP / İŞARET PARMAĞI İLE BURUNA BİRKAÇ KEZ VURMAK • “IT’S CONFIDENTIAL.” ENGLAND • “WATCH OUT!” OR "BE CAREFUL.” ITALY Kenan BASARAN

12. NOSE / BURUN • POINTING TO NOSE / BURNU GÖSTERMEK • “IT’S ME.” JAPAN • BLOWING NOSE / SÜMKÜRMEK • IN MOST ASIAN COUNTRIES, BLOWING THE NOSE AT SOCIAL GATHERING IS ‘DISGUSTING.’ Kenan BASARAN

13. CHEEKS • CHEEK SCREW / İŞARET PARMAĞI İLE YANAĞA DOKUNUP DÖNDÜRMEK • GESTURE OF ADMIRE - ITALY • “THAT’S CRAZY.” GERMANY • CHEEK STROKE / YANAĞA VURMAK • “PRETTY, ATTRACTIVE, SUCCESS” MOST EUROPE Kenan BASARAN

14. LIPS AND MOUTH /AĞIZ ve DUDAKLAR • WHISTLE, YAWN, SMILE, BITE, POINT, SNEEZE, SPIT, KISS.. • KISS. IN PARTS OF ASIA, KISSING IS CONSIDERED AN INTIMATE SEXUAL ACT AND NOT PERMISSIBLE IN PUBLIC, EVEN AS A SOCIAL GREETING. • KISSING SOUND. TO ATTRACT ATTENTION IN THE PHILIPPINES, TO BECKON A WAITER IN MEXICO. • FINGER TIP KISS. IN FRANCE, IT CONVEYS SEVERAL MESSAGES, “THAT’S GOOD!” “THAT’S GREAT!” “THAT’S BEAUTIFUL!.” Kenan BASARAN

15. LIPS AND MOUTH /AĞIZ ve DUDAKLAR • SPITTING / TÜKÜRMEK • SPITTING IN PUBLIC IS CONSIDERED RUDE IN MOST WESTERN CULTURES. • IN THE PRC AND MANY OTHER ASIAN COUNTRIES, SPITTING IN PUBLIC IS TO RID A PERSON’S WASTE AND, THEREFORE, IS HEALTHY. Kenan BASARAN

16. THE LIP POINTING / DUDAKLA GÖSTERMEK • LIP POINTING (A SUBSTITUTE FOR POINTING WITH THE HAND OR FINGER) IS COMMON AMONG FILIPINOS, NATIVE AMERICANS, PUERTO RICANS, AND MANY LATIN AMERICANS. • OPEN MOUTH. ANY DISPLAY OF THE OPEN MOUTH IS CONSIDERED VERY RUDE IN MOST COUNTRIES. Kenan BASARAN

17. ARMS / KOLLAR • SOME CULTURES, LIKE THE ITALIANS, USE THE ARMS FREELY. OTHERS, LIKE THE JAPANESE, ARE MORE RESERVED; IT IS CONSIDERED IMPOLITE TO GESTICULATE WITH BROAD MOVEMENTS OF THE ARMS. • FOLDING ARMS (KOLLARI BAĞLAMAK) ARE INTERPRETED BY SOME SOCIAL OBSERVERS AS A FORM OF EXCLUDING SELF, “I AM TAKING A DEFENSIVE POSTURE,” OR “I DISAGREE WITH WHAT I AM HEARING.” Kenan BASARAN

18. ARMS/ KOLLAR • ARMS AKIMBO. IN MANY CULTURES, THIS STANCE SIGNALS AGGRESSION, RESISTANCE, IMPATIENCE, OR EVEN ANGER. • ARMS BEHIND BACK, HANDS GRASPED IS A SIGN OF EASE AND CONTROL. • ARMS IN FRONT, HANDS GRASPED, COMMON PRACTICE IN MOST ASIAN COUNTRIES, IS A SIGN OF MUTUAL RESPECT FOR OTHERS. Kenan BASARAN

19. HANDS/ ELLER • OF ALL THE BODY PARTS, THE HANDS ARE PROBABLY USED MOST FOR COMMUNICATING NON-VERBALLY. • HAND WAVESARE USED FOR GREETINGS,BECKONING, OR FAREWELLS. Kenan BASARAN

20. HANDS / ELLER • THE ITALIAN “GOOD-BYE” WAVE CAN BE INTERPRETED BY AMERICANS AS THE GESTURE OF “COME HERE.” • THE AMERICAN “GOOD-BYE” WAVE CAN BE INTERPRETED IN MANY PARTS OF EUROPE AND LATIN AMERICA AS THE SIGNAL FOR “NO.” Kenan BASARAN

21. HANDS/ ELLER • BECKONING. • THE AMERICAN WAY OF GETTING ATTENTION (RAISING A HAND WITH THE INDEX FINGER RAISED ABOVE HEAD) COULD BE CONSIDERED RUDE IN JAPAN, AND ALSO MEANS “TWO” IN GERMANY. • THE AMERICAN “COME HERE” GESTURE COULD BE SEEN AS AN INSULT IN MOST ASIAN COUNTRIES. • IN CHINA, TO BECKON A WAITER TO REFILL YOUR TEA, SIMPLY TURN YOUR EMPTY CUP UPSIDE DOWN. Kenan BASARAN

22. HANDS/ ELLER • HANDSHAKING IS A FORM OF GREETING IN MOST WESTERN CULTURES. • IN THE MIDDLE EAST, A GENTLE GRIP IS APPROPRIATE. • IN MOST ASIAN CULTURES, A GENTLE GRIP AND AN AVOIDANCE OF DIRECT EYE CONTACT IS APPROPRIATE. Kenan BASARAN

23. HANDS/ ELLER • HAND-HOLDING AMONG THE SAME SEX IS A CUSTOM OF SPECIAL FRIENDSHIP AND RESPECT IN SEVERAL MIDDLE EASTERN AND ASIAN COUNTRIES. Kenan BASARAN

24. HANDS/ ELLER • RIGHT HAND. THE RIGHT HAND HAS SPECIAL SIGNIFICANCE IN MANY SOCIETIES. IN CERTAIN COUNTRIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND IN ASIA, IT IS BEST TO PRESENT BUSINESS CARDS OR GIFTS, OR TO PASS DISHES OF FOOD, TO GET AN ATTENTION, USING ONLY THE RIGHT HAND OR BOTH. • LEFT HAND IS CONSIDERED UNCLEAN IN MUCH OF THE MIDDLE EAST AND IN PARTS OF INDONESIA. Kenan BASARAN

25. HANDS/ ELLER • HANG LOOSE. (THUMB AND LITTLE FINGER EXTENDED) • COULD CONVEY DIFFERENT MEANINGS: • IN HAWAII, IT’S A WAY OF SAYING, “STAY COOL,” OR “RELAX.” • IN JAPAN, IT MEANS SIX. • IN MEXICO (DO VERTICALLY), IT MEANS, “WOULD YOU LIKE A DRINK?” Kenan BASARAN

26. HANDS/ ELLER • CLAPPING HANDS. • RUSSIANS AND CHINESE MAY USE APPLAUSE TO GREET SOMEONE. • IN MANY CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE, AUDIENCE FREQUENTLY CLAP IN RHYTHM. Kenan BASARAN

27. FINGERS / PARMAKLAR • THE “O.K.” SIGNAL. (THE THUMB AND FOREFINGER FORM A CIRCLE) MEANS • “FINE,” OR “O.K.” IN MOST CULTURES, • “ZERO” OR “WORTHLESS” IN SOME PARTS OF EUROPE • “MONEY” IN JAPAN • AN INSULT IN GREECE, BRAZIL, ITALY, TURKEY, RUSSIA AND SOME OTHER COUNTRIES Kenan BASARAN

28. FINGERS/ PARMAKLAR • “THUMB-UP” MEANS: • “O.K.” “GOOD JOB” OR “FINE” IN MOST CULTURES, • “FIVE” IN JAPAN; “ONE” IN GERMANY • AVOID A THUMB-UP IN THESE COUNTRIES: AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND, GREECE, TURKEY, IRAN, RUSSIA, AND MOST AFRICAN COUNTRIES. Kenan BASARAN

29. FINGERS/ PARMAKLAR • POINTING. • POINTING WITH THE INDEX FINGER IS COMMON IN NORTH AMERICA AND EUROPE. • BUT IT IS CONSIDERED IMPOLITE IN JAPAN AND CHINA WHERE THEY FAVOR USING THE WHOLE OPEN HAND. • MALAYSIANS PREFER POINTING WITH THE THUMB. Kenan BASARAN

30. LEGS AND FEET /AYAK - BACAK • IN ASIA, DO NOT POINT WITH YOUR TOES. • IN ASIA AND SOME EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, PUTTING FEET UP ON A DESK OR ANY OTHER PIECE OF FURNITURE IS VERY DISRESPECTFUL. • SITTING CROSS-LEGGED, WHILE COMMON IN NORTH AMERICA AND SOME EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, IS VERY IMPOLITE IN OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD. Kenan BASARAN

31. LEGS AND FEET/ AYAK-BACAK • IN MOST ASIAN COUNTRIES, A SOLID AND BALANCED SITTING POSTURE IS THE PREVAILING CUSTOM. SITTING CROSS-LEGGED SHOWS THE SIGN OF DISRESPECT. • IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND MOST PARTS OF ASIA, RESTING THE ANKLE OVER THE OTHER KNEE RISKS POINTING THE SOLE OF YOUR SHOE AT ANOTHER PERSON, WHICH IS CONSIDERED A RUDE GESTURE. Kenan BASARAN

32. WALKING / YÜRÜYÜŞ BİÇİMİ • WALKING CAN REFLECT MANY CHARACTERISTICS OF A CULTURE. FOR EXAMPLE, • IN PARTS OF ASIA AND SOME OF THE MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES, MEN WHO ARE FRIENDS MAY WALK HOLDING EACH OTHER’S HAND. • IN JAPAN AND KOREA, OLDER WOMEN COMMONLY WALK A PACE OR TWO BEHIND MALE COMPANION. Kenan BASARAN

33. HOW PEOPLE OF VARIOUS PARTS OF THE WORLD VIEW AMERICANS • CARELESS WITH DRESS, MANNERS, AND BODY MOVEMENT • GENEROUS AS NEIGHBORS • SHALLOW AND SHORT-LASTING FRIENDSHIP • CONFIDENT BUT DEMAND ALMOST TOO MUCH OF SELF • ETHNOCENTRIC - LESS INTERESTED IN OTHERS • INDEPENDENT - INDIVIDUALLY FEELING, NOT TO “FIT OTHER’S MOLD.” • SOURCE: TYLER, V. LYNN. INTERCULTURAL INTERACTING. (1987) Kenan BASARAN

34. FOR ALL OF US… • BECOMING SENSITIVE TO THE CLUES OF BODY LANGUAGE CAN HELP US COMMUNICATE MORE EFFECTIVELY WITH OTHERS. Kenan BASARAN

35. WE CAN UNDERSTAND WHAT OTHER PEOPLE ARE SAYING EVEN WHEN THEY ARE NOT TALKING. Kenan BASARAN

36. WE CAN SENSE WHEN OTHER PEOPLE ARE SILENT AND DIGESTING INFORMATION, OR WHEN THEY ARE SILENT AND CONFUSED. Kenan BASARAN

37. WE CAN SHARE FEELINGS TOO STRONG OR TOO DIFFICULT TO BE EXPRESSED IN WORDS, Kenan BASARAN

38. OR DECODE SECRET MESSAGES PASSING SILENTLY FROM PERSON TO PERSON, Kenan BASARAN

39. AND WE MAY SPOT CONTRADICTIONS BETWEEN WHAT OTHER PEOPLE SAY AND WHAT THEY REALLY MEAN. Kenan BASARAN

40. FINALLY, WE CAN LEARN TO BE MORE SENSITIVE TO OUR OWN BODIES – TO SEE HOW THEY EXPRESS OUR FEELINGS AND TO SEE OURSELVES AS OTHERS SEE US. Kenan BASARAN

41. WE • DO NOT HAVE BODIES; • WE ARE OUR BODIES. Kenan BASARAN

42. THANKS! AND ….. • YOUR • THOUGHTS • EXPERIENCES • QUESTIONS Kenan BASARAN