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4.3 An Integrative Approach to Prejudice and Discrimination. Stereotyping: cognitive process One set of characteristics attributed to an entire group Prejudice: an attitude (cognition and emotion) Stereotype that elicits emotion Discrimination: a behavior
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Stereotyping: cognitive process • One set of characteristics attributed to an entire group • Prejudice: an attitude (cognition and emotion) • Stereotype that elicits emotion • Discrimination: a behavior • Treating someone differently based on membership to a group
Biological Research on the Origins of Prejudice • Hart (2000)- • White and black participants • Given: Subliminal glimpses of other ethnic groups • Findings: Caused increased activity of amygdala (emotions) • Phelps (2000) • Correlation between increased amygdala activity (above) and standardized test for ethnic prejudice
Implicit Association Test • Banaji and Greenwald (1998) • What were your thoughts on the test? • How does it work? • Do you think it is reliable? • Any ethical concerns?
Fiske (2007) • MRI scanner • How did the brain react to homeless people? • Insula (responds to non-human things, disgust) • Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex (responds to thoughts of other humans or self) • How would we explain this response using evolutionary based arguments? • Protection of gene pool • Protection from enemies • Is philanthropy against human nature?
Evaluation of Biological Research • Bettelheim and Janowitz (1964) • Stereotypes don’t predict • Prejudice • Acts of discrimination • Cunningham (2004) • Longer exposure to images • Short term: amygdala (emotion) • Long term: frontal lobe (cognitive control of emotions) • Correlational Studies • Doesn’t demonstrate causality • Leads to Bidirc