Harper Reid 3 rd

1. Puritanism“We shall be as a city upon a hill, the eyes of all people are upon us.”- John Winthrop Harper Reid 3rd

2. Background The Puritans were an English Protestant group that gained popularity in England around 1600. They believed in separating from the corrupt Church of England and felt the Church of England had to be reformed. Beginning in the early 1630's, Puritans began to migrate from England to New England America. There they could avoid religious persecution and their culture would be pivotal in the culture of modern America today.

3. Beliefs Based on similar Protestant Christianity beliefs and Calvinism from John Calvin Predestination- A doctrine based on the idea that God is all-powerful and all-knowing; therefore, the fate of each individual soul is known to God at birth and nothing an individual can do or say could change their ultimate fate. Conversion- process where God would reveal to the individual his grace, and the person would know he was saved. Only “the elect”, or those who underwent the conversion process were allowed to serve as church members. Ministers would screen individuals claiming to have experienced conversion. Sanctification- the holy behavior that supposedly resulted when an individual had been saved.

4. God’s WorkThe Puritan “Social Order” Church attendance was mandatory. Those that missed church regularly were subject to a fine. Adulterers might have been forced to wear a scarlet "A" if they were lucky, otherwise it was punished with hanging. Puritans felt no remorse about administering punishment. They believed in Old Testament methods, and that God’s punishment would be far worse than any physical abuse. Puritan law was extremely strict; men and women were severely punished for a variety of crimes. Even a child could be put to death for cursing his parents. Celebrations and festivals were common where people sang and told stories. Children were allowed to play games with their parents' permission. Wine and beer drinking were common place. Literacy important- Massachusetts law required a tax-supported school for every community that could boast 50 or more families. Puritans wanted their children to be able to read the Bible, of course.

5. Position of Women “A Man’s World”-Women did not participate in town meetings and were excluded from decision making in the church. Puritan ministers furthered male supremacy in their writings and sermons. They preached that the soul had two parts, the immortal masculine half, and the mortal feminine half. Names of women found in census reports of Massachusetts Bay included Patience, Silence, Fear, Prudence, Comfort, Hopestill, and Be Fruitful.

6. Puritan 1500-1700

7. Cromwell Later Puritanism of 1700’s

8. Dress Puritans did not all dress in black, in fact black was reserved for the most formal occasions, for elders, and those of higher ranks. They had a basic uniform and most of their dress consisted of conservative dark colors. Similar to English clothing at the time Married women covered their hair with a linen cap, and sometimes covered this with a tall black hat. Women preferred silk lace but most clothing was made from linen and wool.

9. The First University In 1636, Harvard College was instituted for the purpose of training Puritan ministers.

10. Citations Campbell, Donna M. "Puritanism in New England." Literary Movements. Dept. of English, Washington State University. 21 Mar 2010. Web. 07 Mar 2011. <http://www.wsu.edu/~campbelld/amlit/purdef.htm> Independence Hall Association, . "The New England Colonies." U.S. History 2008: n. pag. Web. 7 Mar 2011. <http://www.ushistory.org/us/3d.asp>. University of Houston, . "Colonization." Digital History 07 Mar 2011: n. pag. Web. 7 Mar 2011. <http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=681>. Finley, Gavin, Dir. Cromwell - Trailer. Dir. Ken Hughes." Irving Allen Productions: 1970, Film. <http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=o6WcnnsLzpk&feature=player_embedded#at=117>.