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Fascinating Facts About the Nervous System: Part 3

Explore even more interesting facts about the nervous system, including the structure and function of neurons, neuroglia, and the different types of nerve cells. Discover how the human brain is composed of billions of neurons and learn about the fascinating structural classification of neurons. This comprehensive guide provides valuable insights into the complexity of the nervous system.

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Fascinating Facts About the Nervous System: Part 3

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  1. Nervous System Notes Part 3

  2. EVEN MORE INTERESTING NERVOUS SYSTEM FACTS The human brain alone consists of about 100 billion neurons. If all these neurons were to be lined up, it would form a 600 mile long line. At any given point in time, only four percent of the cells in the brain are active, the rest are kept in reserve.

  3. NOTES – CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM • NEURONS • 3 basic parts 1. Cell Body • 1 nucleus 2. Dendrites • carry information TOWARD the cell body

  4. 3. Axon • carries information AWAY from the cell body • many neurons are surrounded by a MYELIN SHEATH • fatty tissue that speeds up the nerve impulse

  5. Structural Classification of Neurons • 3 Types • based on number of processes extending from cell body 1. Multipolar Neuron • many processes extending from cell body – most common

  6. 2. Bipolar Neuron • neuron with two process coming from cell body – more rare – found in sense organs (compare multipolar and bipolar neurons)

  7. Unipolar Neuron • single process coming from cell body – found in peripheral nervous system

  8. NEUROGLIA (or just GLIA) • supporting nerve cells of different types • function is to support, insulate, protect neurons • 6 Types 1. oligodendrocytes • Function: produce myelin sheaths

  9. 2. microglia • Function: disposal of debris, dead brain cells, bacteria, etc. 3. ependymal cells • Function: line cavities of brain & spinal cord – cilia helps circulate CSF

  10. 4. Schwann Cells • Function: form myelin sheaths in Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) 5. satellite cells • Function: protects, cushions cells

  11. 6. astrocytes • Function: form barrier between capillaries & neurons – protects neuron • Gray Matter & White Matter • white matter • axons with myelin • gray matter • cell bodies, axons without myelin, dendrites, neuroglia

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