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Art 13 Non-Tariff Barriers and Entry Strategy Alternatives: Strategic Marketing Implications

Art 13 Non-Tariff Barriers and Entry Strategy Alternatives: Strategic Marketing Implications. By: Grace Xia Postdoctoral of Fudan University Associate Prof. of Shandong University E-mail: grace.xia@sdu.edu.cn. Preface:.

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Art 13 Non-Tariff Barriers and Entry Strategy Alternatives: Strategic Marketing Implications

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  1. Art 13 Non-Tariff Barriers and Entry Strategy Alternatives: Strategic Marketing Implications By: Grace Xia Postdoctoral of Fudan University Associate Prof. of Shandong University E-mail: grace.xia@sdu.edu.cn

  2. Preface: I. Current situation in U.S. export market II. Non-tariff barriers (NTBs) is the major obstacle. III. Purpose of this paper

  3. Part I Non-Tariff Barriers I. History of NTBs II. Definition narrow public-sector practices broad private-sector practices

  4. Part II Types of NTBs I. NTBs are not applied uniformly from country to country, from industry to industry. II. Exhibit 1: 20 common NTBs A. Import quotas B. minimum import pricing C. Marketing or ad. Restrictions D. Restrictive transportation requirements E. Port-of-entry taxes or levies

  5. F. Import licensing requirement import right is limited patterns import right is unlimited, but difficult to obtain it G. Custom procedures H. Product quality or technical standard I. Arbitrary product classification J. Safety and health requirement K. Packaging and labeling L. Low-cost government financing and subsidies M. Local content regulation

  6. N. Rebates of domestic taxes to exporters value-added taxes import duty tariff on import equipment and machinery O. Discriminatory government procurement contracts P. Required countertrade Q. Voluntary export restraints (VER) R. Domestic monetary restrictions S. Exchange rates T. Lack of access to suitable marketing channels

  7. Part III Entry Strategies Details as per Art. 1

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