Warm-Ups (02/04)

1. Warm-Ups (02/04) • After watching the video clip: • In your own words explain the terms EXTRADITION and FUGITIVE • Do you think $1 million is too much for his bail?

2. Warm-Ups (09/28) • a.Supremacy Clause d.formal amendment • b.Bill of Rights • e.Necessary & Proper Clause • c.executive agreement  1.A(n) ____ carries the same force of law as a treaty. 2._____ makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws. 3. The first ten amendments are called the ____. 4. Changes to the written provisions of the Constitution may be made only through the process of ____. 5. _____ is also known as the “Elastic Clause,” allowing Congress to create laws to fulfill its responsibilities

3. Warm-Ups (09/29) • 1. Powers exercised by both the National and the State Governments • 2. Powers of the National Government A. reserved powers that are not expressly stated in the Constitution but are generally B. implied powers understood by what is written C. exclusive powers • 3. Powers not granted to the National Government and not denied to the D. concurrent powers State governments E. expressed powers • 4. Powers that can be exercised only by the National Government • 5. Powers of the National Government spelled out in the Constitution

4. 4.2 – The National Government The 50 States

5. The Nation’s Obligations to the States • Republican Form of Government • Constitution: “Guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government” (Article IV) • Constitution & Supreme Court don’t define Republican Government • Generally understood to mean “Representative Government”

6. The Nation’s Obligations to the States • Invasion & Internal Disorder • Constitution: “Protect each of them [States] against invasion…” (Article IV) • Attack on any State = Attack on the United States • Domestic Violence (Ex. Riot or Natural Disaster): Governor must ask for help • Respect for Territorial Integrity • National Government must recognize the legal existence and physical boundaries of each State • Ex.) Equal Representation in the Senate

7. Admitting New States • Admission Procedure • Ask Congress for admission • Congress passes an enabling act (directs the territory to create a State Constitution) • Convention prepares Constitution and then it is voted on • If approved, the constitution is submitted to Congress • Congress will pass an act of admission (act creating the new state) • President signs the act and the new state enters the Union

8. Cooperative Federalism • Federal Grants-in-Aid • “Provide for the general welfare” • Grants of federal money or other resources to the states and/or their cities, counties and other local units • Ex.) Morrill Act of 1862: Provides for Land Grant Colleges/Universities • Others: Mass transit, highway construction, healthcare, school lunch programs, low-income housing, etc. • 25% of state spending comes from Federal Grants-in-Aid

9. 4.3 – Interstate Relations

10. Interstate Relations • Interstate Compacts: agreements among states and foreign states with the consent of Congress • Examples: NY & NJ – Created the Port of New York Authority • All 50 States • Compact for the Supervision of Parolees • Probationers & Compact on Juveniles

11. Full Faith and Credit Clause • “Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings of every other State” (Article IV) • State laws and court decisions must be honored by other states

12. Interstate Relations • Extradition: Legal process by which a fugitive from justice in one State is returned to that State. • Privileges & Immunities Clause: No state can draw unreasonable distinctions between its own residents and those persons who happen to live in other states. • Ex.) Can’t set welfare benefits to newly arrived residents at a level below the benefits of long-term residents • Ex.) Can demand higher tuition for out-of-state students in a State University or College