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The Rock Cycle

The Rock Cycle. The Rock Cycle: the process that makes new rock from old rock material; changes rock from one type to another. A rock is a naturally occurring mixture of crystals of one or more minerals. Processes that drive the rock cycle: Weathering, erosion, & deposition

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The Rock Cycle

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  1. The Rock Cycle

  2. The Rock Cycle:the process that makes new rock from old rock material; changes rock from one type to another • A rock is a naturally occurring mixture of crystals of one or more minerals. • Processes that drive the rock cycle: • Weathering, erosion, & deposition • Heat & pressure: increased temp. & squeezing

  3. Processes that drive the Rock Cycle • Processes that drive the rock cycle: • Weathering, erosion, & deposition • Weathering: Breaking down of rock by wind, rain, ice, water, & heat • Erosion: transport of rock • Deposition: dropping off rock, soil, dead animals • Heat & pressure: increased temp. & squeezing

  4. Weathering: Breaking down of rock by wind, rain, ice, water, & heat(see an example of ice in action below)

  5. Weathering

  6. Erosion

  7. Erosion & Deposition

  8. Weathering, erosion, & finally deposition

  9. The Rock Cycle

  10. Weathering & erosion Interactive rock cycle

  11. Three types of rocks: • Sedimentary: • formed from deposits by compaction & cementation; can be formed by any type of rock exposed at the surface of the Earth • Example: limestone

  12. Sedimentary Rock • After any type of rock is exposed on top of the Earth & undergoes weathering, the materials are eroded & deposited. • This forms sed. rock through cementation and compaction of soil, rock, dead animals, etc. (lithification) • Remains of plants and animals become trapped in the layers and over long periods of time become fossils. • Thus, sed. rock is nicknamed fossil rock.

  13. Compaction and Cementation • Over time these grains and pieces of rock are compacted and cemented together in layers. • The compaction and cementation occurs when sediment is squeezed by the weight of the sediment layers above it. • Each layer may be different from the next layer depending on the type of sediment that is deposited. • Fossils are often found in sedimentary rock.

  14. Igneous Rock • Igneous:rocks formed from the cooling of magma • Two types: extrusive (think exit) & intrusive (think inside) • Example: pumice

  15. Igneous Rock: Greek word for fire • form from hot molten rock (magma) • Melting occurs deep in the Earth near active plate boundaries or hot spots, then rises toward the surface. • Two groups: • intrusive or extrusive, depending upon where the molten rock solidifies

  16. Extrusive Igneous Rock • Produced when magma exits and cools outside of or very near the Earth's surface • Form at erupting volcanoes • The magma cools and solidifies almost instantly when it is exposed to the cool temperature of the atmosphere. • Cooling time determines the type of rock that forms . Pumice-cooled quickly Obsidian-cooled slowly

  17. Black Sand Beach: Hawaii

  18. Intrusive Igneous Rock • Intrusive, or plutonic, igneous rock forms when magmais trapped deep inside the Earth. • Great globs of molten rock rise toward the surface. Some of the magma may feed volcanoes on the Earth's surface, but most remains trapped below, where it cools very slowly over many thousands or millions of years until it solidifies. • Intrusive igneous rock can be pushed to the surface by plate movement. Granite

  19. Metamorphic Rock • Metamorphic: sedimentary rock that gets changed by heat & pressure as earth’s crust is recycled • Examples: slate & marble

  20. Metamorphic Rock: rocks that have changed/morphed • Once igneous or sedimentary rocks • How do sedimentary and igneous rocks change? • When large pieces of crust collide, rock is forced downward. • Heat and pressure squeeze the sedimentary or igneous rock and change it into metamorphic rock.

  21. Metamorphic Rocks Limestone, a sedimentary rock, is changed by heat and pressure into marble. Marble is used to make statues and countertops. Shale, a sedimentary rock, is changed by heat and pressure into slate Limestone shale slate Marble

  22. Rock Cycle Song(Sing to the tune of "Row, Row, Row Your Boat") • SEDIMENTARY rockHas been formed in layersOften found near water sourcesWith fossils from decayers • Then there's IGNEOUS rockHere since Earth was bornMolten Lava, cooled and hardenedThat's how it is formed • These two types of rocksCan also be transformedWith pressure, heat and chemicalsMETAMORPHIC they'll become.

  23. Quiz slide

  24. Review: Answer each question. • 1. Name the 3 types of rock. • 2. This process causes rock to break down into smaller pieces called sediment.___________________________ • 3. This action carries sediments to rivers and lakes._______ • 4. Sedimentary rock is formed by _____ and ______. • 5. Igneous rock is formed from______. • 6. Two types of igneous rock_______ and _________. • 7. What causes sedimentary and igneous rock to become metamorphic rock? __________and___________ • 8. Intrusive igneous rock forms____________(rock type). • 9. Extrusive igneous rock forms____________(rock type). • 10. Can any rock become a sedimentary rock? • 11. Which type of rock would contain fossils?

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