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The Birth of Modern European Thought

Explore the birth of Romanticism in literature, music, and art from the late 18th to early 19th centuries, influencing European culture with emphasis on emotions, intuition, nature, nationalism, and individualism.

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The Birth of Modern European Thought

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  1. The Birth of Modern European Thought APEURO – Chapter 24

  2. Romanticism • Literary, musical, and artistic movement dominating European culture in • Late 18th Century - 1st half of 19th century

  3. “Sturm & Drang” • German Movement “Storm & Stress” turned into Romanticism

  4. Romantics Stressed: • 1. Emotions- feeling & passion • 2. Intuition- imagination • 3. Nature- as inspiration • 

  5. Romantics Stressed… • 4. Nationalism- emphasis change & connection to the past • 5. Religion • 6. The unique individual • 7. The Middle Ages

  6. “Official” Beginning of Romanticism in Literature • 1798 Lyrical Ballads by Samuel Taylor Coleridge & William Wordsworth “One impulse from a vernal wood May teach you more of man, Of moral evil and of good, Than all the sages can”

  7. Some Romantic Writers… • “Loners” who wrote about rejection by society • Nature as a source of inspiration • Some wrote “Gothic” tales – mysterious, violent weather

  8. Romantic Writers • 1.Lord Byron (1788-1824) - Poet • Led scandalous lifestyle • Wrote narrative poems, “Don Juan” • Supporter of Greek independence

  9. Romantic Writers • 2. Mary Shelly (1797-1851) • Frankenstein • Critique of modern man and technology gone awry

  10. Romantic Writers • 3. Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe (1749-1848) • Faust • Sorrows of Young Werther • Uses romantic themes of intuition & emotion

  11. Romanticism & Music • 1. Ludwig Von Beethoven (1770-1837) • Deaf composer • Created 9 symphonies • One of 1st composers to reach fame & wealth in his lifetime

  12. Beethoven – 6th symphony http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34dU9RSWf28 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dbfa86bTD34

  13. Romanticism & Music • 2. Franz Shubert  • Pioneer in composing primarily for the piano • Inspired by folksongs • 3. Niccolo Paganini • Violinist 

  14. Niccolo Paganini Paganini: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eblB2-y23Dc Shubert: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sSF7a9OcE_w

  15. Romantic Art • Portrayed scenes of medieval life • Idealize rural landscape • 1. John Constable’s • Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows

  16. Constable’s Salisbury Cathedral Form the Meadows

  17. 2. J.M.W. Turner Landscapes more mystical Nature’s power Romantic Art

  18. J.M.W. Turner

  19. Romantic Art • 3. Eugene Delacroix • Portrays political spirit of the time in France • Liberty leading the People 

  20. Romantic Architecture • “neo-gothic” revival • 1. British Houses of Parliament (1836-1837)  • most famous public building • In neo-gothic style

  21. Romantic Architecture • 2. Castle of Neuschwanstein(1864-1886) • S. Germany • Cost of construction nearly bankrupt Bavarian monarchy

  22. The Birth of Modern Thought 24

  23. Literacy Rates • Improved- 1860’s onward • Reason – Primary education introduced

  24. “SCIENCE” • “The model for all human knowledge” • The height of human thought • “truth”

  25. Aguste Comte • 1798-1857 • French philosopher (sociologist) • Developed Positivism- a philosophy of human intellectual development

  26. Comte’s 3 Stages of Intellectual Development or 3 Stages to Society: • 1. Theological stage- nature explained in terms of divinities & spirits

  27. Comte’s 3 Stages of Intellectual Development or 3 Stages to Society: • 2. Metaphysical Stage: • Abstract principles - Reason

  28. Comte’s 3 Stages of Intellectual Development or 3 Stages to Society: • 3. Positive Stage: • Explanations of nature – reliance on observation

  29. EX: Why does a rock fall? • Three Stages: • 1. God wills it • 2. nature of heavy objects to fall • 3. law of gravity • http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/comtes-3-stages-of-society-theory-of-positivism.html

  30. Modernism • Intellectual movement 1850-1914 • Effect of modernism in literature, art, psychoanalysis, physics, intellectual life. • In literature critical of middle class society & morality

  31. Modernism & Science • 1. Charles Darwin • 2. Advances in Chemistry: Dmitri Mendeleyev • 2. The New Physics: Marie Curie, Max Planck, Albert Einstein

  32. Charles Darwin • Two Theories: • 1. Survival of the fittest -1859 On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection • 2. All primates, including humans evolved form common ancestors-1871 The Descent of Man • http://blog.ted.com/2013/07/11/myths-and-misconceptions-about-evolution-a-ted-ed-lesson-about-the-subtleties/

  33. Social Darwinism • Herbert Spencer (British scientist) “Nations, like species, struggle to survive, and the winners are the fittest, while the inferior are eliminated” “us” vs. “them”

  34. Chemistry- Dmitri Mendeleyev • 1860’s Russia Scientist • Classifies the chemical elements –Periodic Table

  35. Chemistry -Alfred Nobel • Swedish Chemist • First produced dynamite 1867 • Allowed engineers to construct canals, tunnels

  36. Alfred Nobel

  37. Genetics – F. Gregor Mendel • Austrian Monk • Father of genetics • “Laws of inheritance”

  38. Mini Biography Gregor Mendel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmSJGhPTB5E

  39. Physics- Marie Curie • Examines behavior of particles in subatomic world • Polish- studies radiation • Isolated the element radium in 1910 • Works with Her husband Pierre Curie

  40. Marie Curie

  41. Polish? Or polish? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8lMW0MODFs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZEV4KJBJvEg

  42. Physics-Max Planck • 1900 German • Energy of atomic particles was emitted or absorbed in specific units called “quanta” • “Quantum Theory” finalized 1925

  43. Physics- Albert Einstein • 1905 publishes • “The Electro-dynamics of Moving Bodies” • E = MC2 • ENERGY EQUALS THE MASS TIMES THE SQUARE OF THE SPEED OF LIGHT !

  44. Mini biography – Albert Einstein http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZMVKvO-gTs8

  45. Modernism & Social Sciences • Psychology, political science, anthropology, criminology, sociology • Demonstrate how human behavior resulted from economic, political, and social forces.

  46. Psychoanalysis – Sigmund Freud • Viennese Medical Doctor • Original intention: • Wished to treat “ nervous disorders”

  47. Freud’s Two Possible Treatments • 1. Electrotherapy – he declared this method useless • 2. Hypnosis

  48. The Power of the Unconscious • Freud becomes convinced • That human behavior is controlled by the unconscious

  49. Freud’s Psychoanalysis • Develops psychoanalysis – the study of dreams • Wrote The Interpretation of Dreams 1900

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