BACTERIAL DISEASES

1. BACTERIAL DISEASES Dr. BUNDIT TENGJAROENKUL Department of Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Khon Kaen University

2. Fish Diseases Pathogens Environment Diseases

3. Diseases • Fish: Poikilothems • Pathogens: Bacteria, Protozoa, Fungi • Environments: Water-Soil quality, Diet,… General signs • Emaciation, Stunting, Lethargy, Ascites • Exophthalmos, Corneal opacity, Hemorrhage • Erratic swimming, Gulping, Gill-Fin rots • White spot, Pale gill

9. Bacterial Diseases Motile Aeromonas (d) Septicemia • Cause:Aeromonas hydrophila (G-, Bacillus; Flora) • + Poor water quality (Predisposing) • Transmission: Mouth, Skin (damage), Gill • Signs: • Peracute: Overnight, No/Little Sign, Congestion, • Internal organs (pale, swollen, fribble) • Acute: 1-2 days, dropsy -popped scale &ascites, exophthalmos, hemorrhage

11. Motile Aeromonas (d) Septicemia • Signs (cont.): • Chronic:ulcers, hemorrhage, lethargy, erratic • swimming, ascites, fin-gill rots, • exophthalmos, K-Li enlarge, corneal • opacity • Latent: no signs, immune +, reservoir • * Human: diarrhoea • Isolation: BHI, TSA

18. Motile Aeromonas (d) Septicemia • Prevention: 0.1-0.5% NaCl @ transportation • Density…appropriate • Water quality…good • Vaccine ? • Treatment: • Oxytetracyclin 55-75 mg/kg fish ppm, 7-10 d • Oxolinic acid 10 mg/kg fish ppm, 7-10 d • Amoxycillin 40-80 mg/kg fish ppm, 10 d

19. Bacterial Diseases Furunculosis • Cause:Aeromonas salmonicida (G-, , non-motile) • Transmission: Mouth, Skin (damage), Gill • Furuncle= Necrosis + Exudate + Macrophages • Signs: • Peracute: fingerlings, dark in color, death • Acute: subadult-adult, anorexia, • hemorr. (skin-fins-gut), death

20. Furunculosis • Signs (cont.): • Chronic: furuncles + ulcers, internal hemorr, • survivals = carriers • Predisposing causes: • Stress, Temp, Overcrowding, Trauna-wound

21. Furunculosis • Prevention: 0.1-0.5% NaCl @ transportation • Density…appropriate • Water quality…good • Treatment: • Oxytetracyclin 75mg/kg, OID 7-10 d • Sulfamerazine 265 mg/kg , OID 14 d • Chloramphenicol 55 ppm 10 d • Furazolidone 35 ppm 20 d • Nor-, Enrofloxacin 2-3 ppm 7-10 d

27. Bacterial Diseases Vibriosis • Vibrio (G-, motile, comma rods) “red boil, red pest” • V. anguillarum (common) • Transmission: Mouth, Skin (damage), Brooders • Signs: marine-estuarine water • Redness: Base of fins, mouth, skin, anus • Boil like lesion (s/c, m) pus • Anemia, Skin ulcer • Hemorrhage: skin, fin, gill, internal organs • Abdominal fluid, # Heart

28. Vibriosis • Prevention : • Reducestress (Appropriatedensity) • Goodwaterquality: DO, pH, NH3, NO2-, etc. • Treatment:0.1-0.5%NaCl @ transportation • Oxytetracyclin77ppm, 10 d • Sulfamerazine265ppm3 d & 154 ppm11d • Nitrofurazone56 ppm10 d • Furanaze500-1000ppm10 d • Oxolinicacid10ppm10 d • Amoxycillin40-80 ppm10-12 d • Nor-, Enrofloxacin3-5ppm7-10 d

35. Bacterial Diseases Columnaris Disease • Cause:Flexibacter columnaris (G- long rod; Hay-stack appearance) • Transmission: to skin-gill of freshwater fish • Signs: • Skin: mucous, change color w petechial hemorr. • -erosion-necrosis • Eye: corneal opacity • Fins: rots, petechial hemorr. • Gill: congestion, hemorr., necrosis

36. Columnaris Disease • predisposingcauses: • low O2, NH3, handling • Prevention : • Avoidskindamage • Appropriatedensity (reducestress) • Goodwaterquality: DO, pH, NH3, NO2-, etc. • Chemicals: CuSO4 10ppm20min(500 ppm 1 min) • Treatment: • 0.1-0.5%NaCl • Furanaze1.5 ppm3hr

42. Bacterial Diseases Yersinia ruckeri • Cause:Edwardsiella ruckeri (G-, motile, short rod) • “Enteric Redmouth Disease” • Horizontal transmission • Signs: • Lethargy, anorexia, exophthalmos • Hemorrhage (mouth, eye, base of fins, gill) • Hemorrhage (liver, gonad, bladder, m) • Spleen (swollen, friable)

43. Yersinia ruckeri • Predisposingcauses: • Carriers (survivors) • stress, poorwaterquality • Tx:Sulfamerazine265ppm3d, 154ppm11d • OTC55ppm10 d • Prevention: • Vaccine

44. Bacterial Diseases Edwardsiella tarda • Cause:Edwardsiella tarda (G-, motile, rod) “Emphysematous putrefactive of Catfish” • Transmission: Fece • Signs: • Lethargy, abnormal swimming • Small cutaneous ulcer deep necrotic ulcer • Deep m abscess, ascites, gill inflame • Necrotic nodules in K, Li, Spleen

45. Edwardsiella tarda • predisposing causes: • Low temp, Density • poor water quality • Prevention : • Appropriate density (reduce stress) • Good water quality: DO, pH, NH3, NO2-, etc. • Tx: OTC 55 ppm, Oxolinic acid, Chloram.

46. Bacterial Diseases Edwardsiella ictaluri • Cause: Edwardsiellaictaluri.(G-, motile, rod) • “Holeinthehead” • “EntericSepticemiaofCatfish, ESC” • Signs: • Anorexia, swimming (spiral) • Depigmentation, ”Chinrash” • Ulcerationinthefrontalbone • Palegill, ascites, exothalmos

47. Edwardsiella ictaluri • Transmission: water to nose to brain • predisposing causes: • Temp, stress • Tx: OTC, Sulfonamide • Prevention: • Avoid skin damage • Appropriate density (reduce stress) • Good water quality: DO, pH, NH3, NO2-, etc.

48. Edwardsiella ictaluri

49. Bacterial Diseases Pseudomonas infection • Cause:Pseudomonas spp. (G-, motile, rod) • Signs: • Mass hemorrhage (mouth, opercula, ventral body) • w poor sanitation, high temp

50. Pseudomonas infection • Prevention: • Avoid skin damage • Appropriate density (reduce stress) • Good water quality: DO, pH, NH3, NO2-, etc. • Treatment: • Erythromycin ppm, d • Amoxycillin ppm, d