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Delve into the concept of Ethical Relativism, comparing individual and cultural perspectives, moral uncertainty, and situational differences. Analyze the reasons supporting relativism, challenges it faces, and the debate between realism and moral pluralism. Explore different moralities and their impact on society.
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Chapter 2: Ethical Relativism • What is Ethical Relativism? - No objective right or wrong - Compared to objectivism • Two Forms of Ethical Relativism • Individual Ethical Relativism • Cultural Ethical Relativism
Chapter 2 continued • Reasons Supporting Ethical Relativism • The diversity of moral views • Moral Uncertainty • Situational differences
Chapter 2 continued • Are These Reasons Convincing? • The Diversity of Moral Views • How widespread and deep is the disagreement? • What does such disagreement prove? • Moral Uncertainty – the complexity and difficulty - The view of skepticism - The form of subjectivism
Chapter 2 continued • Situational differences • Absolutism – rules with no exceptions • The expression of relativism • Challenges for relativism and nonrelativism • The reflection of society’s views • The view of personal experience • The implied beliefs about tolerance
Chapter 2 continued • Moral Realism • Realism – the view of the relation between science and nature • Are moral properties supervenient? • Moral Pluralism • Is there one good moral principle or a variety of equally moral principles?
Chapter 2 continued • Reading: Trying Out One’s New Sword • Moral isolationism in practice • The symbolism of the Samurai sword • The liability of the isolating barriers between cultures • The effect of moral isolationism on moral reasoning
Chapter 2 continued • Reading: Master and Slave Moralities • Master moralities - Description of “good” and “bad” - The noble type of person feels himself as a determining value • Slave moralities - Description of “good” and “evil” - The longing for freedom
