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The Nervous System

Learn about the function and structure of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Explore how our senses work and how messages travel through the nervous system.

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The Nervous System

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  1. The Nervous System

  2. The Nervous System • What is its FUNCTION? • Receives information • about what’s happening • inside and outside the • body. • Directs the way your • body responds to this • info. • Helps maintain • homeostasis.

  3. The Nervous System (Central) • The nervous system is made up of the: • Brain (controls most functions of the body) • Spinal Cord (a thick column of nerve tissue that links the brain to most of the nerves in the periphal nervous system) • Network of Nerves that • branch out to ALL parts • of your body

  4. The Brain Interprets input from senses, controls the movement of skeletal muscles, and carries out mental processes such as learning, remembering, and making judgments. Cerebrum • About 3 pounds • Size of both hands together • 2 halves (left and right) • Different parts of the brain do different things Cerebellum-coordinates actions of your muscles and helps you keep your balance Brain Stem-controls involuntary actions

  5. AXON CELL BODY DENDRITES AXON TIPS A Neuron (Nerve Cell) • Neurons carry information through the nervous system. • There are BILLIONS of neurons in your body. • They are constantly sending/receiving messages.

  6. AXON CELL BODY DENDRITES AXON TIPS A Neuron (Nerve Cell) • DENDRITES – receive messages and sends them toward CELL BODY. Direction message travels • AXON – carries the messages down to the AXON TIPS, which sends the message to the next neuron.

  7. AXON CELL BODY DENDRITES AXON TIPS Let’s act it out…. • What happens in your nervous system when you are stung by a bee?

  8. The Nervous System& our Senses

  9. Let’s test our Nervous systems…

  10. Test Your Reaction Time • How fast do messages travel in your nervous system? • You will time how long it takes a message to travel from your EYES to your BRAIN to your HAND. • Can we make the messages travel faster?

  11. Test your Reaction Time May 5, 2009 Question: How long will it take for a nerve signal to travel from your EYES to your BRAIN to your HAND? Hypothesis:(Make a prediction!) Observations & Data Collection: (Paste your data table into your notebook) Conclusion Question: What happens to your reaction time as your practice? Explain. (Answer the question in your notebook).

  12. Test Your Reaction Time • Hold your thumb and fingers about 3 cm apart at the 0 cm end of a meter stick. • Your partner will drop the meter stick and you need to grab it as quickly as possible. • The faster you grab it, the lower the measurement on the meter stick.

  13. Test Your Reaction Time 4) Use the measurement on the meter stick to look up your reaction time in the table. 5) Repeat the experiment 3-4 times. 6) What happens to your reaction time as you practice?

  14. The Sense Organs • Your sense organs have nerve receptors that respond to stimuli (stuff outside the body) and send messages to your brain where it is interpreted. • EYES responds to LIGHT • EARS responds to SOUND • SKIN responds to TOUCH • NOSE responds to SMELL • TONGUE responds to TASTE

  15. Taste • Taste works like your other senses. • Nerve receptors (your taste buds) recognize different chemicals in your food. • The taste buds send the chemical information to your brain, where it is recognized as taste.

  16. Tongue Taste Mapping • How do you taste different flavors? • Can certain tastes be detected better on certain parts of the tongue? • You will test four different flavors to see where on the tongue they are strongest.

  17. Tongue Taste Mapping • You will have four different flavors to taste: • Salty (chicken broth) • Sour (lemon juice) • Bitter (tonic water) • Sweet (kool-aid)

  18. Tongue Taste Mapping May 12, 2009 Question: Can certain tastes be detected better on certain parts of the tongue? Where do you detect sweet, salty, bitter and sour? Hypothesis:(Make a prediction! What part of the tongue tastes Sweet? Sour? Salty? Bitter? Observations & Data Collection: (Paste your diagram into your notebook)

  19. Tongue Taste Mapping • Use your Q-tip to dab each liquid on each part of your tongue (the tip, sides, middle, and back). • Label your tongue diagram where you taste: • SOUR SWEET • BITTER SALTY

  20. Today, you will dissect an eyeball!

  21. Extra Time? • Let’s check out the • Senses Challenge

  22. How does the eye see?

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