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Calculations in Chemistry

Calculations in Chemistry. Scientific Math. I CAN convert number to and from SCIENTIFIC NOTATION. What are Measurements . A measurement is a QUANTITY with both a NUMBER and a UNIT . In science, you will encounter very, very large numbers as well as very, very small ones.

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Calculations in Chemistry

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  1. Calculations in Chemistry Scientific Math

  2. I CAN convert number to and from SCIENTIFIC NOTATION.

  3. What are Measurements • A measurement is a QUANTITY with both a NUMBER and a UNIT. • In science, you will encounter very, very large numbers as well as very, very small ones. • To simply the handling of such numbers, we often write them in a compressed form called SCIENTIFIC NOTATION.

  4. In scientific notation, numbers with many digits are often written as a coefficient and a power of 10. • Example 6.022 x 1023 • Coefficient • Power of 10

  5. Converting Numbers to Scientific Notation • Converting numbers to scientific notation is easy. • 1. Locate the DECIMAL [may be an understood decimal] • 2. MOVE the decimal to the LEFT or to the RIGHT until it is to the RIGHT OF THE FIRSTNON-ZERO DIGIT in the number. • Example 24567.88 would be 2.456788 • 3. COUNT THE NUMBER OF PLACES the decimal was moved…this is the POWER OF 10.

  6. When the decimal is moved to the LEFT the power of 10 is POSITIVE. • When the decimal is moved to the RIGHT the power of 10 is NEGATIVE. • You may DROP TERMINAL ZEROS to round off or follow the directions in the problem.

  7. SAMPLE PROBLEM • Convert this number to scientific notation: • 602200000000000000000000 • Locate the decimal. • Decide if the decimal needs to move left or right. • Count the number of places it has to move. • Rewrite the number with the decimal in its new location [drop terminal zeros]. • Add the power of 10 with the correct sign.

  8. 602200000000000000000000 • Since there was no written decimal it is understood to be at the end of the number. • Which direction should it be moved? • We will need to move it toward the LEFT to get it between the first two non-zero digits. • 602200000000000000000000 • The decimal was moved a total of 23 places to the left.

  9. 6 02200000000000000000000 • Drop the terminal zeros to get • 6 022 • Since the decimal moved 23 places to the LEFT, the power of 10 is POSITIVE 23.

  10. So the number in scientific notation is: 6.022 X 1023

  11. MORE PRACTICE • Write this number is Scientific Notation: • 0.0000475000

  12. 0.0000475000 • Decimal First two non-zero digits • This time the decimal has to be moved to the RIGHT. This will make the power of 10 NEGATIVE. • 000004.75000 • DROP these zeros!

  13. 4.75 • The decimal was moved 5 places to the right, so the power of 10 is -5. • 4.75 X 10-5

  14. Write each number in scientific notation. 0.07882 = 0.00000272338 = 118000 = 87200 = 0.00002786 = 0.000000664 = 450 = 74171.7 = 770 = 0.0000085 =

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