Types of Media أنواع وسائل الاعلام

1. Types of Media أنواع وسائل الاعلام 1. Wire Services/ news agencies وكالات الأنباء A “wire” is a news distribution service خدمات توزيع الأخبارthat produces news reports and sells their copy or video to subscribing media institutions. EXAMPLES: Associated Press, Reuters, Inter-Press Service, Dow Jones, and Agence France Presse.

2. 2. Print Media الصحافة المكتوبة National, local and international Newspapers: الصحف الوطنية والمحلية والدولية Weeklies جرائد أسبوعية Magazines المجلات

3. 3. Broadcast Media وسائل الإعلام المبثوثة Television التلفاز Radio الإذاعة

4. 4. Online Media وسائل الاعلام عبر الانترنت Most news outlets have news websitesمواقع اخبارية إلكترونية which often provide breaking newsأخبار عاجلة as well as recycle content from their print or broadcast editions. There are news websites which are exclusive to the web, such as AlterNet, Salon, Slate, Politico and The Electronic Intifada Blogs المدونات (web log) is a website with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or other material such as graphics or video.

5. Fields of Journalism: مجالات الصحافة Political journalism صحافة السياسة Business journalism صحافة الأعمال والاقتصاد Sports journalism صحافة الرياضة Investigative journalism الصحافة الاستقصائية Gonzo journalism صحافة الجونزو "Celebrity" or "people" journalism صحافة المشاهير Citizen journalism صحافة المواطنين

6. What is yellow journalism? • Sensationalism الإثارة. It is sensationalistic news. Yellow journalism is when someone makes up news to attract readersيختلق الأخبار لجذب القراء. • Tabloidsالصحف الشعبية are known for being sensationalistic. • Paparazzi المصورونrefer to photojournalists who specialize in candid photography of celebrities, politicians, and other prominent people.

7. Differences Among Media اختلافات بين وسائل الاعلام TV News Visually driven مدفوعة بصريا Soundbite heavy Often superficial by designغالبا سطحية من حيث التصميم “Emotions” emphasized التركيز على العواطف Coverage subject to censorship of violence and sexual content to meet TV broadcast standards التغطية معرضة الرقابة لتلبية معايير البث التلفزيوني • Newspapers • Offers more detail than TV • More space مساحة أكبر for coverage beyond the “30 minute format” of TV News • Slowest to deliver the news ابطأ في تقديمها الاخبار

8. Internet News Readers can often post “comments” or feedback on the stories for others to see Personalization technologies تكنولوجيا لإضفاء الطابع الشخصي can change the “front page” according to interests of readers No “gatekeepers” to prevent access to alternative viewpointsلا وجود لحراس البوابة تمنع وجهات نظر بديلة Unlimited amount of space to publish Differences Among Media اختلافات بين وسائل الاعلام

9. News goes mobileالاخبار عبر الهاتف النقال • Mobile news via readers, iGoogle and phone apps • No longer tied to physical product • No longer tied to time sensitive constraints

10. News as conversation الأخبار كأنها محادثة بين الناس • Journalists no longer control the distribution of the content they produce. • Once something is published (usually on Web sites), it belongs to the audience of readers and becomes part of a conversation about the news. بمجرد نشر شيء (غالبا على مواقع الانترنت) فانه يصبح ملكا للجمهور وجزءا من حديثهم

11. Digital technologies are changing how we consume news التكنولوجيات الرقمية تغير كيفية استهلاكنا للأخبار • Globally, television is still the dominant news and entertainment media, but for how much longer? • News is going mobile and it's being condensed • Interactivityالتفاعلية– audience participation is important • The 140 character text message and “tweet” could be the future of news

12. Contents of Newspaper محتويات الصحيفة Political events Business Culture Sports Opinions (either editorials, columns, or political cartoons) Obituaries Weather news and forecasts Classified ads health

13. Types of newspapers أنواع الصحف International newspapers الصحف الدولية National newspaper الصحف الوطنية Local newspaper الصحف المحلية Weekly newspapers الصحف الاسبوعية Sunday newspapers (published on Sundays only) صحف تصدر يوم الأحد فقط أو يوم العطلة الأسبوعية

14. Newspaper Departments الأقسام الادارية في الصحيفة Editorial Department قسم التحرير Field staff الموظفون الميدانيون : The field staff comprises those who are assigned areas (or beats ) like crime, politics, business, environment, or sports, or some who are assigned with special reports on different subjects. Newsroom and editorialغرفة الأخبار والتحرير: The other part of the editorial staff is supposed to manage the newsroom where ultimately every matter is taken care of that is to appear the next day.

15. Newspaper Departments الأقسام الادارية في الصحيفة 2.Business and Finance Division قسم الإدارة و المالية The advertising departmentقسم الاعلانات The circulation department قسم التداول The accounts departmentقسم الحسابات

16. Newspaper Departments الأقسام الادارية في الصحيفة 3. Technical Department قسم الشؤون التقنية The technical department is responsible for printing the newspaper. It is mainly concerned with managing any technical issues efficiently and in a timely matter.

17. Different jobs in the Newspapers الوظائف المختلفة في الصحيفة Newspaper reporterscover stories for community, local or national newspapers. Stories are often fast-breakingتحدث بسرعة , so you must be flexible and immediate. Deadlines are typically tightالمواعيد النهائية عادة ما تكون ضيقة, so be prepared to write with speed and accuracy. Investigative reporters are employed by newspapers, magazines and television networks. Investigative journalism involves getting to the bottom of stories about politics, crime and various scandals. Necessary characteristics include the ability to differentiate fact from fiction and being a resourceful researcherباحث ذو مصادر كثيرة .

18. Different jobs in the Newspapers الوظائف المختلفة في الصحيفة 3. Foreign correspondents مراسلاون أجانبare employed by a media source in one country and stationed in a foreign country. They often cover government, religion, situations of political conflict, and are frequently placed in dangerous environments. 4. Broadcast journalists include television and radio reporters and news anchorsمقدم برامج اخبار تلفزيونية . Such journalists specialize in "straight reporting,” تغطية مباشرة with an emphasis on concise-- rather than in-depth--coverage.

19. Different jobs in the Newspapers الوظائف المختلفة في الصحيفة 5. Photojournalists use both film and still images to capture news events. Photojournalists are widely employed by all sources of media, including newspapers, magazines and television. An artistic eye as well as the ability to choose just the right momentsاختيار اللحظة المناسبة to record for history are necessary. 6. Sports journalists report on popular sports for the radio, newspaper, and even online. 7. Online journalists focus on the 24/7 news cycle that‘s available on the web; these journalists need to be fast. 8. A columnist كاتب العمود is a journalist who writes pieces that appear regularly in newspapers or magazines and other publications.

20. Different jobs in the Newspapers الوظائف المختلفة في الصحيفة The editor المحرر(also known as editor-in-chief or executive editor) is involved in the news process from the beginning to the end. He selects the content for the newspaper. Editing التحريرis the process of preparing language, images, sound, video, or film through correction, condensation, organization, and other modifications in various media. Managing Editor مدير تحرير: It the person who supervises and coordinated the newspaper's editorial activities. Copy Editor محرر النسخة أو الطبعةis person who edit the copy to improve formatting, style, grammar, spelling and accuracy of the text.

21. What is a News Bureau? A news bureau مكتب الأخبار (مكتب صحفي)is an office for gathering and distributing news. It may describe geographic location or scope of coverage. For example, many mainstream media outlets maintain a bureau in Cairo or Jerusalem to cover “stories”. A News Deskفريق الأخبار refers to the location(s) within a media outlet where reporters receive their assignments and the coordination of news stories begin. For example, the New York Times has a local news desk, as well as national, foreign, sports, business, arts and entertainment and culture desk.

22. A NewsDesk is an interdisciplinary team that: leads all editorial processes, decides on content (topic, quantity, quality, timing is responsible for the graphic presentation. هوفريق متعدد التخصصاتيقوم بالتالي : يقود كل عملياتالتحرير يتخذ قرارات بشأن المحتوى: الموضوعاتوالكمية والجودة والتوقيت هو المسئول عنعرضالجرافيك