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Chapter 3

Chapter 3. Morphology More – fun – ology. Morph-Fun . I. was very chalant, despite my efforts to appear gruntled and consolate. I was furling my wieldy umbrella… when I saw her… She was a descript person… Her hair was kempt, her clothing shevelled, and she moved in a gainly way.

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Chapter 3

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  1. Chapter 3 Morphology More – fun – ology

  2. Morph-Fun I was very chalant, despite my efforts to appear gruntled and consolate. I was furling my wieldy umbrella… when I saw her… She was a descript person… Her hair was kempt, her clothing shevelled, and she moved in a gainly way.

  3. Formal Definition • Morpheme: • The smallest unit of meaning in a language • Has only one meaning • So what about: ‘dogs’ and ‘writes’ ? • Not necessarily independent • Creative potential

  4. Grammar Safari • Find a morphemically creative word • From a naturally occurring source • Tell us: • What the word means • How you know (what each morpheme means) • Example: • On next slide…

  5. Safari Example • Misunderestimate • mis – ‘Fail to’ • under – ‘make lower’ • estimate = “root” • Resolveability • resolve = “root” • ability – ‘capacity for’ • Strategery • Intentional non-word w/ negative overtones from “forgery”…?

  6. Just Do it: Creating Words • Define “Blog” (noun, verb) • Define “Blogger” (noun only) • Create an ADJ = “like an opinionated posting” • “That sounds a little ____________________.” • Create another ADJ • “I don’t trust her ______________ pronouncements.” • Create an ADV = “as a blogger would do something” • “Jack always writes so ___________________.” • Create a NOUN = “the act of a person who blogs” • “She’s doing a bit of _________________” • In the New York Times William Safire wrote about the “Blogiverse” What do you suppose he meant? Exercise 3.1

  7. Just 4 Fun

  8. Tell Me About It… • Manching my swilted fresnap all day, the grasting tunkle is krepily bronking to murple a swazzling guston!

  9. Do On Your Own • Outside of class… • Exercise 3.2 p. 40 • Exercise 3.3 p. 40 – 42 • Exercise 3.4 p. 42 The chart at the bottom of page 41 may be helpful

  10. Inflection • A morpheme that marks words for grammatical class without changing the basic meaning In English: • Nouns (-s, -’s) • Verbs (-s, ed, -en, -ing) • Adj/Adv (-er, -est)

  11. Inflection • Marking a word for a grammatical class • Plural • Possessive • Tense • Contrast • Gender • Gram. Class • Person’s Role • Etc. } English } Other Languages

  12. English Inflectional Morphemes

  13. Just Do It • Exercises • 3.5 (p. 48-49) • 3.6 (p. 49)

  14. Challenge • What’s the function of the present tense here?

  15. Zero Allomorph • Noun • Deer • ??? • Verb • Cut • ???

  16. Antidisestablishmentarianism • What are the morphemes? • Which are bound? • Which are free? • What does each morpheme mean?

  17. Derivation • The addition of a morpheme which causes the original word to change in meaning &/or grammatical category • (anti-dis-establish-ment-arian-ism) • anti = meaning change • dis = meaning change • ment = grammatical change (V  N) • arian = meaning change • ism = meaning change

  18. Derivational Morphemes • On the patterns of • Friend • Act • Create ‘new’ words using morphemes...

  19. List Some • Free Morphemes • Bound Morphemes

  20. Functional Shift • Inflect these words as N, V, Adj or Adv Record Result Cap Fly Heavy Seat Finish Yellow Exercise 3.7

  21. Derivation vs. Inflection

  22. Do It • Exercise 3.11 • Morphing & Unmorphables (p. 56) • Review Exercises • pp. 57-58 NOTE: All the exercises in the text are relevant & good – even those that aren’t listed in the slides…

  23. For “Tomorrow” • TPQ on Chapter 3 • Begin reading Chapter 4

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