Legal English Usage Research: - pruden* -

1. Seehttp://ec.hku.hk/lawvocab/for sample legal usage presentations Example 1: Presenting a legal-academic term Sample annotated 6-slide Student PowerPoint Presentation of a legal term selected for research in the Legal Vocabulary database and Concordancer April, 2006 - This offers a basic idea of what students should aim at Legal English Usage Research:- pruden* -

2. Open with a “profile” of the target term, use an authentic case example & cite the case name – as below…. Prudent (adjective) ….….etc. i.e. opposite

3. Word aftercollocations: man, employer, owner First, find out WHO is usually required to “be prudent” [adj. + noun] • The test is what precautions would the ordinary, reasonable and prudent man take?– Paris v Stepney Borough • it is often impossible to adduce evidence of what care an ordinarily prudent employer would take– Paris v Stepney Borough • The ordinarily prudentowner of a dog does not keep his dog always on a lead on a country highway for fear it may cause injury to a passing motor cyclist – Bolton v Stone

4. Word beforecollocations:-showhow prudentcollocates in tort The “frequency” tells us which forms are more common & so useful to learn • an ordinarilyprudent person[9 matches] vs • the ordinaryprudentperson[5 matches] Similarly… • a reasonably prudent person[3 matches] • a reasonable prudent man[3 matches]but notice…. • a reasonable andprudent man[10 matches] - so “reasonable” ≠ “prudent”, & these are more commonly found in combination

5. Perhaps show how your got the “10 matches”

6. Standard of care + prudentman/employer“would” – for both principle & application Principle: fromParis v Stepney Borough (1951) • The standard of care which the law demands is the care which anordinarilyprudentemployerwouldtake in all the circumstances– Paris v Stepney Borough Application: fromParis v Stepney Borough (1951) • In the present case the question is whetheran ordinarily prudent employerwouldsupply goggles to a one-eyed workman whose job was to knock bolts out of a chassis with a steel hammer while… etc

7. Prudence & other forms Offering the noun form adds nothing - it’s less common& the meaning does not emerge from the examples Contributory Negligence: • As in England so in Hong Kong a man of ordinaryprudence travelling in a motor car would take the precaution of wearing a seat-belt where one is available – Ho Wing Cheung • Are we prepared to say that a man of ordinary prudence in Hong Kong would act differently, in relation to the wearing of seat belts, to his counterpart in England?– Ho Wing Cheung