The Global Positioning System Commerce Department Perspectives

1. The Global Positioning SystemCommerce Department Perspectives September 2001

2. The Interagency GPS Executive Board Defense Transportation State Commerce Agriculture Interior NASA Joint Chiefs of Staff Justice

3. DOC Interests in GPS • Commercial GPS market growth • Civilian and scientific uses of GPS • Augmentation systems • Modernization program • Radio spectrum management • International cooperation and trade • IGEB Executive Secretariat

4. Commercial GPS Market Growth

5. Commercial GPS Market Growth • GPS represents a $10 billion industry • Worldwide sales to exceed $12 billion in 2002 • U.S. market share is 52% • U.S. policy promotes global market growth • Free signals and receiver design specifications • Promotion of GPS as a world standard enables economies of scale in receiver production • Elimination of Selective Availability increased consumer demand by improving basic service

6. Commercial GPS Applications Span The Entire U.S. Economy Satellite Ops: Ephemeris, Timing Power Grid Interfaces Personal Navigation Surveying & Mapping Trucking & Shipping Aviation Communications: Network Timing, Synchronization Recreation Railroads Fishing & Boating Off shore Drilling

7. Worldwide Annual GPS Hardware Sales To Exceed $12 Billion in 2002 (Projected) $ Billions

8. GPS Sales by Geographic Region  1998  Japan U.S. 47% 32%  2003  U.S. Japan Europe 30% 44% Asia 18% Other 2% 1% Europe Other Asia 23% 1% 2%

9. Unit Cost of Receivers Is Falling at ~30% Per Year $800 $600 $400 $200 0 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 Source: U.S. GPS Industry Council

10. New Applications BeingDeveloped Every Day • Open Pit Mining System • Child Safety Wristwatch • Automatic Snowplow Guidance System • Spacecraft Control Systems • Power Grid Management Systems

11. Promoting GPS Market Growth • DOC supports market growth by upholding and promoting the successful U.S. GPS policy, domestically and internationally • DOC also publishes statistical analyses and forecasts of the GPS market for use by investors and decision makers • Outreach activities • Participate in conferences, site visits to keep finger on the pulse of industry • Convey industry desires and concerns to the IGEB to keep the system responsive to user needs

12. Civilian & Scientific Uses of GPS

13. DOC Represents Many Federal Users of GPS • GPS applications within the Department • NOAA surveying (waterways, airports, heights) • NOAA vessel navigation and tracking • NOAA weather forecasting • NIST timing research • U.S. Census activities • GPS Interagency Advisory Committee (GIAC) • Chaired by National Geodetic Survey • Membership includes all civil users of GPS within the federal government (outside DOT) • Meets twice per year to make policy recommendations on behalf of the user community

14. Augmentation Systems • NOAA manages the National CORS System • Network of Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) providing carrier phase and code range measurements in support of 3-D positioning activities throughout the U.S. and its territories • Data is archived online and can be applied in a post-processing environment to achieve cm-level accuracy • Annual budget: $2.3 million

15. National CORS System

16. NOAA Forecast Systems Lab: Measuring Water Vapor Via NDGPS • NOAA instruments on NDGPS reference stations continuously measure the water vapor content in the atmosphere above the reference station, improving short term weather forecasting capabilities NDGPS Site in Whitney, Nebraska

17. NOAA and NDGPS • NOAA cooperates closely with the U.S. Coast Guard’s Nationwide Differential GPS Service • Co-location of CORS sites, weather instruments • High Accuracy NDGPS project • Senate report on FY01 DOT appropriations suggested that NOAA share the cost of NDGPS with DOT • Reply to Congress notes interaction between NDGPS and CORS, including such items as service integrity • An independent NOAA request for NDGPS funding was deemed impractical due to increased uncertainty in the budget process

18. Modernization Program

19. DOC Roles in GPS Modernization • Helped collect and advocate civilian user needs for the future GPS service • Early proponent of a third civilian signal • Participated in the design and frequency selection for the two new civil signals • Led studies and analyses demonstrating the economic benefits of GPS modernization • Endorsed high-level recommendations to the White House to deactivate SA and accelerate implementation of civilian capabilities • Participated in Congressional outreach, including GPS trade fair on the Hill

20. Radio Spectrum Management

21. Radio Spectrum Management • Radio interference affects a wide range of GPS users and limits growth of new capabilities and applications • Without backbone GPS signals, derived performances and safety of life services will not function • DOC’s National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) is responsible for managing federal radio spectrum

22. Spectrum Concerns • International Issues • Power Flux Density limits in L2 and L5 • E.U. proposal to overlay L1, L2, and L5 • Domestic Issues • FCC rulemaking underway to possibly allow unlicensed operation of UWB devices • General concerns over noise floor

23. International Cooperation & Trade

24. Cooperation with Japan • U.S.-Japan relations are excellent in this area • Japan is a major producer of GPS products and has the world’s largest user base • 1998 Joint Statement signed by the President and Prime Minister Obuchi lay the foundation for bilateral working groups on GPS cooperation • Promote GPS as a standard • Free access to services • Open markets for trade • Protect spectrum • DOC chairs the U.S.-Japan working group on commercial and scientific uses of GPS

25. Consultations with Europe • U.S. has been pursuing an agreement with Europe since 1996 • DOC participates in all rounds of talks to protect the interests of U.S. users and industry • Proposed Galileo system opens new possibilities but also raises many concerns, especially from a commercial perspective • Draft agreement text would ensure that Europe does not impose regulations or standards that effectively mandate the use of Galileo services

26. International Outreach • GPS International Working Group organizes occasional outreach missions to individual nations to educate local officials and users on U.S. GPS policy and plans • IGEB manages a U.S. GPS Outreach Display that is regularly deployed to international conferences to build grassroots support for GPS and GPS spectrum • DOC is a regular participant in all of these outreach efforts

27. IGEB Executive Secretariat

28. IGEB Executive Secretariat • IGEB Charter called for a dedicated Executive Secretariat to support the day-to-day functions and activities of the Board • Functions include: • Identify national and international issues that may affect the management and operation of GPS • Assemble ad hoc working group to address GPS issues • Coordinate information among IGEB agencies • Provide administrative support