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Evidence for God from Science. Reasons to Believe. Richard Deem. The Greatest Discovery (COBE, 1992). “unbelievably important... They have found the Holy Grail of cosmology” Michael Turner (University of Chicago) “It is the discovery of the century, if not all time”
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Evidence for God from Science Reasons to Believe Richard Deem
The Greatest Discovery (COBE, 1992) • “unbelievably important... They have found the Holy Grail of cosmology” Michael Turner (University of Chicago) • “It is the discovery of the century, if not all time” Stephen Hawking (Cambridge University, UK) • “What we have found is evidence for the birth of the universe. It’s like looking at God.” George Smoot (UC Berkeley - COBE project leader)
Relativity vs. The Newtonian Universe • Michelson and Morely (1887) Velocity of light • Einstein (1905) Special Relativity(E = mc2) • Einstein (1915) General Relativity
General Relativity - Einstein Discovers God where: =density p=pressure G=constant of gravity c=speed of light
Origins of the Big Bang Theory • Vesto Slipher (1914) “Nebulae” receding from the earth • Alexander Friedman (1922) Expansion of the universe • Hubble (1929) Law of Red-Shifts
Hot Big Bang Model • George Gamow (1946) First hot big bang model • Bell Labs (1965) First background radiation measurement • Cosmic Background Explorer (1992) Ripples in background radiation
Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) • Universe is a perfect radiator (to 1 part in 10,000)- background temperature of 2.726°K (1990) • Refined COBE measurements showed irregularities of 1 part in 100,000 (1992)
Alternate Models • Infinite/eternal Universe • Steady State Universe • Oscillating Universe • The Hartle-Hawking Model
Infinite/eternal Universe Problems • Paradox of the Dark Night Sky • Light decreases 4-fold with doubling of distance • Volume (or number of stars) increases 8-fold with doubling of distance
Steady State Universe • No stars greater than 16 billion years old • No newly formed galaxies (all formed at same time)
Oscillating universe • Only 10-50% of matter needed for collapse (open universe) • A collapse would lead to “Big Crunch” instead of bounce
The Hartle-Hawking Model • Quantum physics invoked prior to 10-43 second, to eliminate the singularity • Requires use of imaginary time
Implications of Big Bang • Time, space, matter and energy all came into existence at once • Time is a created dimension
Objections to the Big Bang • “philosophically unacceptable” (atheist John Maddox, “Down with the Big Bang”in Nature) • “smacks of divine intervention” (Stephen Hawking, A Brief History of Time ).
Evidence for God’s Existence from Design • Divine Watchmaker (William Paley) • Refuted by: • David Hume • Charles Darwin • Recently by: • Stephen Jay Gould • Richard Dawkins
New Watchmaker Argument • Based upon measurable parameters • Probabilities calculable from the observable universe • Tolerance for change (fine tuning) calculable from physical laws
Earth-Moon Double Planet • Capture Hypothesis • Budding Hypothesis • Collision Hypothesis
Collision of Mars-sized Planet with Earth • Ejected ~99% of Earth’s atmosphere • Ejected Earth’s original crust (became Moon) • Formed Large iron-nickel core • Unique continental crust and plate tectonics • Tidal interactions • Slowing of Earth’s rotation
Jupiter as our Protector • Shields Earth from Asteroids/Comets • Stabilizes orbits of inner planets • Large Size • Distant Orbit