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Social Value Orientation and Cooperation in Social Dilemmas: A Meta-Analysis

Social Value Orientation and Cooperation in Social Dilemmas: A Meta-Analysis. Daniel Balliet Singapore Management University Craig Parks and Jeff Joireman Washington State University. Social Value Orientation (SVO).

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Social Value Orientation and Cooperation in Social Dilemmas: A Meta-Analysis

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  1. Social Value Orientation and Cooperation in Social Dilemmas:A Meta-Analysis Daniel Balliet Singapore Management University Craig Parks and Jeff Joireman Washington State University

  2. Social Value Orientation (SVO) • The weights people assign to self and other outcomes in interdependent contexts. • Prosocials (altruists and cooperators) • Proselfs (individualists and competitors)

  3. Purpose of Meta-Analysis • Central tendency • Variation • Moderators • Iterated vs. one-shot • Give-some vs. take-some • Paid vs. non-paid participants • Group size

  4. Iterations vs. One-Shot Dilemmas • Partner strategy may reduce SVO-cooperation relationship in iterated dilemmas. • Behavioral Assimilation: Prosocials conform to a proself’s defection during iterated social dilemmas (Kelley & Stahelski, 1970; Kuhlman & Marshello, 1975)

  5. Give-Some vs. Take-Some • Two reasons to expect SVO may be more predictive of cooperation in G-S than T-S. • Prospect Theory: Losses (G-S) more important than gains (T-S). Therefore, defection and Cooperation more attractive for proselfs and prosocials, respectively (De Dreu & McCusker, 1997) • Equality norm more salient in take-some dilemmas (Van Dijk & Wilke, 1995), and SVO less predictive when equality norm is salient (de Kwaadsteniet et al., 2006).

  6. Paid vs. Non-Paid Dilemmas • Two reasons to expect SVO may be more predictive of cooperation in non-paid dilemmas. • Payment may prime a business frame. • This may change prosocials ‘communal’ construal of the dilemma to a ‘business’ construal, thereby reducing their level of cooperation. • Payment may reduce expectations of other’s cooperation.

  7. Group Size • All SVO measures include decisions while interacting in a dyad. • Does this limit SVO’s ability to predict behavior in groups of 3 or more?

  8. Methods and Analyses • Criteria for Selection • Adults • Measure SVO (Ring or TDM) • DV is strict social dilemma • Analyses • Correlation as effect size • Prosocial vs. Proself • Mixed-Effects models

  9. Results: Main Effect • Prosocial vs. Proselfs • Q(81) = 248, p <.001 • (n = 82) r = .30, 95% CI, LL = .26, UL = .33 • Orwin’s fail safe N = 510 • Individualists vs. Competitors • Q(18) = 33.9, p = .013 • (n = 19) r = .27, 95% CI, LL = .19, UL = .34 • Orwin’s Fail Safe N = 110

  10. Results: Moderators • Iterated vs. One-Shot • Q (1) = .157, p = .692 • One-Shot: r = .31, 95% CI,LL = .26, UL = .35 • Iterated: r = .29, 95% CI,LL = .24, UL = .34 • Give-Some vs. Take-Some • Q (1) = 5.26, p = .022 • Give: r = .29, 95% CI, LL = .25, UL = .34 • Take: r = .22, 95% CI, LL = .17, UL = .27

  11. Results: Moderators • Paid vs. Non-Paid Participants • Q(2) = 20.6, p < .001 • Not Paid: r = .39, 95% CI,LL = .33, UL = .45 • Lottery: r = .36, 95% CI,LL = .23, UL = .47 • Paid: r = .23, 95% CI,LL = .20, UL = .26 • Group Size • Slope = -.007, Q(1) = 4.75, p = .03

  12. Future Directions • Payment X SVO Implications • Is an implicit measure of SVO needed? • Research needed on SVO in the context of iterated social dilemmas. • Forgiveness • Why is SVO more predictive of G-S games? • SVO in strong vs. weak situations. • Do paid/take-some dilemmas have more uniform expectations, construal, and incentives for appropriate behavior?

  13. Questions? Balliet, D., Parks, C., & Joireman, J. (2009). Social value orientation and cooperation in social dilemmas: A meta-analysis. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 12, 533-547.

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