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MOHD FAIZ B MOHAMMAD ZAKI

RETAINING WALL. MOHD FAIZ B MOHAMMAD ZAKI. INTRODUCTION. Structures that are built to retain vertical or nearly vertical earth banks or any other material are called retaining walls. Retaining walls may be constructed of masonry or sheet piles. CONT…. CONT….

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MOHD FAIZ B MOHAMMAD ZAKI

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  1. RETAINING WALL MOHD FAIZ B MOHAMMAD ZAKI

  2. INTRODUCTION • Structures that are built to retain vertical or nearly vertical earth banks or any other material are called retaining walls. • Retaining walls may be constructed of masonry or sheet piles.

  3. CONT…

  4. CONT… • Whatever may be the type of wall, all the walls have to withstand lateral pressures either from earth or any other material on their faces. • The pressures acting on the walls try to move the walls from their position.

  5. CONT… • So, the walls should be so designed as to keep them stable in their position.

  6. GRAVITY WALL • Gravity walls resist movement because of their heavy sections. • They are built of mass concrete or stone or brick masonry. • No reinforcement is required in these walls.

  7. SEMI-GRAVITY WALL • Semi-gravity walls are not as heavy as gravity walls. • A small amount of reinforcement is used for reducing the mass of concrete.

  8. CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL • The stems of cantilever walls are thinner in section. • The base slab is the cantilever portion. • These walls are made of reinforced concrete.

  9. COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALL Counterfort walls are similar to cantilever walls except that the stem of the walls span horizontally between vertical brackets known as counterforts. The counterforts are provided on the backfill side

  10. BUTTRESS RETAINING WALL Buttressed walls are similar to counterfort walls except the brackets or buttress walls are provided on the opposite side of the backfill.

  11. DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL • Basic parameter-unit weight, angle of friction and cohesion of the soil retained behind the wall.-Lateral Earth Pressure- • Check for stability - the structure is examined for possible overturning, sliding and bearing capacity failures.

  12. CONT… • Second , each component of the structure is checked for strength, and the steel reinforcement of each component is determined. • This chapter presents the procedures for determining the stability of the retaining wall.

  13. CONT… • In designing retaining walls, an engineer must assume some of their dimensions. • Called proportioning, such assumptions allow the engineer to check trial sections of the walls for stability.

  14. CONT… • If the stability checks yield undesirable results, the sections can be changed and rechecked.

  15. CONT… • In the case of ordinary retaining walls, water table problems and hence hydrostatic pressure are not encountered. • Facilities for drainage from the soils that are retained are always provided.

  16. STABILITY OF RETAINING WALLS • A retaining wall may fail in any of the following ways: • -It may overturn about its toe. • -It may slide along its base. • -It may fail due to the loss of bearing capacity of the soil supporting the base. • -It may undergo deep-seated shear failure . • -It may go through excessive settlement.

  17. CONT…

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