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Information Security

Information Security . Information Security Requirements. Confidentiality: •Protection from disclosure to unauthorised persons Access control: Unauthorised users are kept out Authentication: Assurance of identity of person or originator of data

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Information Security

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  1. Information Security

  2. Information Security Requirements • Confidentiality: •Protection from disclosure to unauthorised persons • Access control: Unauthorised users are kept out • Authentication: Assurance of identity of person or originator of data • Non-repudiation: Protects against the originator ofcommunications later denying it • Availability: Legitimate users have access when they need it • Integrity: Maintaining data consistency. Protects from unauthorised data alteration

  3. Security Threats • Information disclosure/information leakage • Integrity violation • Masquerading • Denial of service • Illegitimate use • Generic threat: Backdoors, trojan horses, insider attacks • Most Internet security problems are access control or authentication types • Denial of service is also popular, but mostly an annoyance

  4. Services, Mechanisms, Algorithms A typical security protocol provides one or more services •Services are built from mechanisms •Mechanisms are implemented using algorithms

  5. Conventional Encryption • Uses a shared key • Problem of communicating a large message in secret is • reduced to communicating a small key in secret

  6. Public-key Encryption • Uses matched public/private key pairs • Anyone can encrypt with the public key, only one person • can decrypt with the private key

  7. Key Agreement • Allows two parties to agree on a shared key • Provides part of the required secure channel for exchanging a conventional encryption key

  8. Hash Functions • Creates a unique “fingerprint” for a message • Anyone can alter the data and calculate a new hash value • Hash has to be protected in some way

  9. MAC’sMessage Authentication Code, adds a password/key to a hashOnly the password holder(s) can generate the MAC

  10. Digital SignaturesCombines a hash with a digital signature algorithm

  11. Signature checking:

  12. Message/Data EncryptionCombines conventional and public-key encryption.

  13. Public-key encryption provides a secure channel to exchange conventional encryption keys

  14. Data FormatsOne obviously-correct format for secured content allows straightforward one-pass processing for encapsulation and decapsulation

  15. Security Protocol Layers The further down you go, the more transparent it is The further up you go, the easier it is to deploy Ref: http://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~pgut001 http://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~pgut001/tutorial/index.html

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