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1. Biological Molecules Objectives
Identify, compare, and contrast proteins, fats, and carbohydrates using biochemical tests
Identify unknown amino acids using biochemical tests and Rf values
2. Start Chromatography
3. Chromatography
4. Carbohydrates Monosaccharides
e.g., Glucose
Oligosaccharides
Polymers of 2-10 monosaccharides
e.g., Sucrose (glucose/fructose)
Polysaccharides
10+ monosaccharides.
e.g., Starch, glycogen, cellulose
5. Proteins Composed of amino acids
Each amino acid is composed of an amine group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), a hydrogen, and a side R group
R group determines the chemical & physical differences between the different amino acids
6. Fats Basic structure: 3 fatty acids + glycerol
Fatty acid chain determines if saturated
or unsaturated
7. Biochemical Tests Carbohydrates
Iodine
Yellow g Black = helical polysaccharide
Benedicts
Blue g Red = reducing sugars
Protein
Biuret: Blue g Violet
Bradford: Red g Blue
Fats
Sudan III: Red/Pink g Orange
8. Biochemical Tests Amino acids
Chromatography
Further away = non-polar (more affinity to the solvent)
Closer to start = polar (more affinity to water)
Rf value =
distance migrated / distance solvent migrated
Ninhydrin (solvent)
Purple = free NH2 group
Yellow = no free group
9. Chromatography