Do Now

1. Do Now • Write down any questions you have about STD’s. • Write down as many STD’s that you can think of.

2. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Senior Health

3. Sexually Transmitted Diseases • Commonly known as “STI’s” • Infections that spread from person to person through sexual contact. • More than 25 known STD’s • Cases can go unreported due to: • Shame, fear, or ignorance.

4. Facts • Estimated 19 million people contract one or more STDs in the U.S. each year. • Half between ages of 15 and 24. • 65 million people have a viral STD (incurable). • The body does not build up immunity to STD’s, re-infection can occur. • Symptoms of some STD’s may go away without treatment, but the disease remains in the body. • It is possible to have an STD without knowing it.

5. Why does it continue to grow? • Reasons: • No symptoms • Delay between infection and the appearance of symptoms. • Symptoms go away while disease damages the body. • Uneducated about STDs • Believe they are immune

6. High risk for teens • Engage in unprotected intercourse (oral, anal, vaginal) • Alcohol & Drugs • Multiple partners • Partners who have a history of intravenous drug use

7. STI Misconceptions • If I only engage in oral sex, I can't contract a sexually transmitted infection • The TruthSTIs can be transmitted through oral sex, vaginal sex, anal sex and in some cases, heavy petting. Penile penetration is not a prerequisite for disease transmission. In fact, the number of cases of gonorrhea of the throat are increasing! • If I have an STI, I will recognize the symptoms immediately • The TruthIn most women (and some men), there are often virtually NO symptoms of STIs. Not only can a partner not tell if a woman or man has an STI, the person with the STI often does not know. • I am not promiscuous and neither are the people I hang out with…it's unlikely • that the people I would sleep with would be carrying something • The TruthFemales are more susceptible to acquiring STIs than males because their anatomy is more prone to infection in general. In addition, contracting STIs has nothing to do with cleanliness or grooming. Contracting an STI has everything to do with being intimate with someone who is already infected. The more partners you have or have had, the greater your chances of having an STI. The more partners your partner has or has had, the greater your partner's chances of having a STI.

9. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) • A virus that causes genital warts and warts on other parts of the body. • Most commonly contracted STD • Many cases go unnoticed or unreported. • 6 million contract HPV each year in U.S. • Does not have symptoms.

10. Genital Warts • Soft, moist, pink or red swellings that appear on the genitals. • Caused by HPV. • Grow in clusters- spread to large masses • Females • Found on the vulva, cervix or around anus • Males • On penis, on scrotum or around anus • Rarely found in the mouth or throat

11. Treatment • Genital Warts may disappear or removed by laser or frozen, burned, or cut off. • Antiviral drug can be injected into larger warts. • Removal of warts does not eliminate the virus, warts can recur.

12. Chlamydia • Caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. • Most common bacterial STI in U.S. • Affects urinary tract and reproductive. • Early symptoms (1-3 weeks): • Unusual vaginal/penis discharge • Burning sensation when urinating • Unexplained vaginal bleeding between menstrual periods • Pain and swelling of the testicles • Treatment: antibotic

13. Gonorrhea • “Clap” or “Drip” • Caused by bacteria that live in warm, moist areas of the body, such as mucous membranes. (mouth, throat, vagina, cervix, urethra, anus) • Treatment- antibiotics

14. Gonorrhea • Males: 20-24 years old • Symptoms: watery discharge from penis • Itching/ burning at the urethral opening • Pain when urinating • Testicle swelling • Females: 15-19 years old • Symptoms: none-mild • Thick yellow or white discharge • Burning urinating • Pain during menstruation • Lower abdominal pain • Passed to infants

15. Genital Herpes • Caused by herpes simplex virus- cold sores in or near the mouth. • Spread through open sores during sexual contact • Can still be transmitted when lesions not present • HSV I- cold sores/fever blisters around mouth • HSV II- genital lesions • 45 million in U.S. (700,000 each year) • Symptoms • Blisters on or around genitals or rectum • Fever or swollen glands • Painful lesions • Newborns can contract • No cure

16. Hepatitis (HBV) • A viral STD that attacks the liver and can cause extreme illness and death. • Hepatitis A- transmitted through oral contact with contaminated food or water or sexual contact. • Hepatitis B- spread through sexual contact, blood, semen, saliva, vaginal secretions and urine. • Needles, syringes, tattooing • Hepatitis C- passed through contact with infected blood. • Sexual intercourse, mothers to newborns

17. Hepatitis Symptoms • Fatigue • Diarrhea • Nausea • Abdominal pain • Jaundice • Dark urine • Enlarged liver – cirrhosis or cancer • No medical treatment

18. Syphilis • Spread through sexual activity (vaginal, oral, anal) • Spread by direct contact with a chancre- a painless sore or infectious rash • Primary Stage- 1-12 weeks of exposure • Small, red, pea sized bump- round sore • Chancre- painless sore • No treatment- disappears 3-6 weeks • Secondary Stage • Infectious rash on palms of hands or soles of feet. • Flu like symptoms, hair loss, and weight loss. • Rash disappears • Late Syphilis • External signs disappear – organism remains in body damaging organs- brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones and joints. • Slow loss of muscle coordination, paralysis, blindness and dementia. • Damage to tissues- severe- death

19. Vaginitis • Inflammation of the vagina caused by various organisms. • Trichomoniasis- caused by parasite • Irritation, mild discharge, burning when urinating, itching, discomfort during intercourse • Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)- caused by imbalance of bacteria normally found in the vagina. • White or gray discharge, itching/burning • Increased risk of other STD’s

20. Public Lice • Tiny parasitic insects, “crabs” that infest genital area. • Spread through sexual contact, underwear, sheets, towels • Intense itching in pubic hair • Medicated shampoos • Scabies- infestation of the skin with microscopic mites. • Spread through bedding, clothing • 4-6 weeks- pimple like rash- severe itching

21. AIDS/HIV • Acquired immune deficiency syndrome- is a potentially fatal disorder that interferes with the body’s natural ability to fight infection. • Final stage of infection caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- a virus that attacks the immune system. • Transmitted- the virus must enter the individuals blood. • Blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk. • Breaks in the capillaries of mucous membranes. • Needles

22. Treating STD’s • Can be prevented- responsible • Recognize STD symptoms-seek treatment • Follow doctor’s orders for treatment and take all medication prescribed. Finish all even if symptoms have gone away. • Notify everyone with whom the person has had any sexual contact. • Abstinence only effective method of preventing re-infection or transmission of STDs.