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Wireless network

Wireless network. Mobile IP. Reference. Mobile IP http://www.acm.org/crossroads/xrds7-2/mobileip.html By Debalina Ghosh Mobile IP Route Optimization http://www.hut.fi/~lpetande/internetworking/R_Opt.html By Henrik Petander. Glossary 1/2.

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Wireless network

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  1. Wireless network Mobile IP Mobile IP

  2. Reference • Mobile IP http://www.acm.org/crossroads/xrds7-2/mobileip.html By Debalina Ghosh • Mobile IP Route Optimizationhttp://www.hut.fi/~lpetande/internetworking/R_Opt.html By Henrik Petander Mobile IP

  3. Glossary 1/2 • MN: mobile node is a node capable of changing its location invisibly to any transport level connections • CN: correspondent node, a node that communicates with the mobile node, this node may be mobile or nonmobile • FA: foreign agent provides mobility services to mobile nodes in a foreign network • HA: home agent provides mobility services in the mobile node’s home network • Home Address: a permanent fixed address of the MN which used by TCP and higher level layer • DHCP: dynamic host configuration protocol is an Internet protocol for automating the configuration of computers that use TCP/IP Mobile IP

  4. Glossary 2/2 • Foreign Network: a network which the MN is currently visiting • Home Network: the network which is identified by the home address of the MN • IP: internet protocol is the network layer protocol used in the TCP/IP protocol suite • TCP: transport control protocol is a connection oriented transport protocol • UDP: universal datagram protocol, a connectionless transport protocol • CoA: care of address, the termination point of the tunnel to a mobile node or Mobile Router Mobile IP

  5. What is Mobile IP? • Each mobile node is always identified by its home address, regardless of its current point of attachment to the Internet • Protocol enhancement allow transparent routing of IP datagrams to mobile nodes in the Internet Mobile IP

  6. Introduction • IP requires the location of any host connected to the Internet to be uniquely identified by an assigned IP address. • Mobile IP is an enhancement based on Internet Protocol proposed by the IETF. • To solve the problem by allowing each mobile node to have two IP addresses and by transparently maintaining the binding between the 2 addresses. Mobile IP

  7. Introduction • Mobile IP is a technique that enables mobile hosts roaming among networks without changing IP. • Four entities in mobile IP scheme: --Mobile Node (MN) --Foreign Agent (FA) --Home Agent (HA) --Correspondent Node (CN) Mobile IP

  8. Mobile IP operations 1/13 Mobile IP

  9. Mobile IP operations 2/13 • Step 1 : • Agent advertisement • Sent by HA • Let MN know HA’s IP • Mobile Node • Store HA’s IP Mobile IP

  10. Mobile IP operations 3/13 • Step 2 : • MN moves to a visit network Mobile IP

  11. Mobile IP operations 4/13 • Step 3 : • Agent advertisement • Sent by FA • Let MN know it moves to a foreign network • Let MN know its new CoA • MN • Stores CoA Mobile IP

  12. Mobile IP operations 5/13 • Step 4 : • MN • Sends registration request to FA • Get registration reply from FA • FA • Relay Reg-Req to HA • HA reply Reg-Reply to FA Mobile IP

  13. Mobile IP operations 6/13 • Step 3’ : • MN does not get agent advertisement or • FA registration is not required • MN • Got CoA from DHCP Mobile IP

  14. Mobile IP operations 7/13 • Step 4’ : • MN • Sends registration request to HA • Get registration reply from HA Mobile IP

  15. Mobile IP operations 8/13 • Step 5: • HA • Sends reply ARP (proxy ARP) for MN Mobile IP

  16. Mobile IP operations 9/13 • Step 6: • CN • Initiates a connection • Router • Sends packets to MN IP but with HA’s MAC Mobile IP

  17. Mobile IP operations 10/13 • Step 7: • HA • Encapsulate the packets (IP in IP) • Tunnels the packets to FA • FA • Decapsulate the packets • Forward packets to MN Mobile IP

  18. Mobile IP operations 11/13 • Step 8: • MN • Reply packets to CN through router or • Reply packets to CN through FA Mobile IP

  19. Mobile IP operations 12/13 • Step 8’: • MN • Sends packets to FA • FA • tunnels packet and sends to HA • HA • Decapsulate packets • Forward to CN Mobile IP

  20. Mobile IP operations 13/13 • Step 9: • MN • Moves back to home network • Deregistration its CoAs Mobile IP

  21. Introduction 3 operations in Mobile IP: • Agent Discovery • Advertisement-- Tell MN its location & Notify MN with CoA • Solicitation-- Ask agent info • Registration • Request • reply • Data Delivery • Encapsulation • decapsulation Mobile IP

  22. The TCP/IP Protocol Suite 1/2 • Application layer Handles the details of the particular application(FTP,TELNET,HTTP etc.) • Transport layer Provides a flow of data between two Internet nodes • Network layer Handles the movement of packets around the network by implementing efficient routing algorithms • Link layer Provides interfaces to the network hardware devices in the form of device drivers. Mobile IP

  23. Link layer Wireless LAN GPRS, CDMA..… Network layer & Transport layer Mobile IP End-2-End solution Application layer Application adaptation The TCP/IP Protocol Suite 2/2 Mobile IP

  24. Brief Overview of IPv4 Mobile IPv4 provides mobility support by allowing the mobile node to be reachable via its home address regardless of its physical location Mobile IP

  25. Brief Overview of IPv4 • IP identifies each node uniquely • IP addresses are 32-bit long int • IP header: • Sending node • Receiving node • IP payload Mobile IP

  26. IPv4 routing Triangle routing: The basic routing scheme with Mobile IPv4. • The MN sends its packets directly to the CN. • The CN sends all datagrams to MN’s home address. • The HA tunnels them to MN’s care-of address. Mobile IP

  27. IPv4 routing—bi-directional tunneling • MN moves away from its home network, it continues to receive its packets via the HA. • In the bi-directional tunneling, MN also sends its packets via the HA. • The MN or FA encapsulates the original datagram by adding a new header to it with the HA’s address and care-of address. Mobile IP

  28. IPv4 problem • Triangle routing provides optimal routing from MN to CN, but it leads to asymmetrical delays • Both schemes consume extra bandwidth, due to the tunneling from the HA to the care-of address • Not designed for fast moving hosts, slow handoffs cause packet loss • IPv4 is 20 years old, is starting to become obsolete Mobile IP

  29. Mobile IPv4 route optimization • Is a proposed extension to the Mobile IPv4 protocol. • Provides enhancements to the routing of datagrams between the MN and to the CN • The route optimization extension adds a conceptual data structure, the binding cache, to the CN and their current care-of address Mobile IP

  30. 4 new UDP-messages to IPv4 • Binding update informs the CN or FA of the mobile node’s new location • Binding acknowledgement is sent by the CN or the FA in response to the binding update • Binding request is sent by the CN to the HA to request a binding update • Binding warning is sent by the previous FA in response to receiving a tunneled datagram for a MN for which is has a binding and for which it is not acting as the current FA Mobile IP

  31. Binding update to correspondent node Mobile IP

  32. Mobile IPv6 • IPv6 is short for "Internet Protocol Version 6". IPv6 is the "next generation" protocol designed by the IETF to replace current version— IP Version 4 ("IPv4"). • IPv6 has an enormous number of addresses in store, assign addresses to personalcomputer and to appliances Mobile IP

  33. IPv6 operation 1/12 • Step 1 : • Router advertisement • Sent by router • Let MN know its location • Tell MN HA’s IP • MN • Store HA’s IP Mobile IP

  34. IPv6 operation 2/12 • Step 2 : • MN moves to a visit network Mobile IP

  35. IPv6 operation 3/12 • Step 3 : • Router • Router advertisement • MN • Obtain stateless address by Auto-configuration • Stores CCoA Mobile IP

  36. IPv6 operation 4/12 • Step 3’ : • MN • Got stateful CCoA from DHCPv6 Mobile IP

  37. IPv6 operation 5/12 • Step 4 : • MN • Sends Binding Update to HA • Get Binding Acknowledge from HA Mobile IP

  38. IPv6 operation 6/12 • Step 5: • HA • Sends reply ARP (proxy ARP) for MN Mobile IP

  39. IPv6 operation 7/12 • Step 6: • CN • Initiates a connection • Router • Sends packets to MN IP but with HA’s MAC Mobile IP

  40. IPv6 operation 8/12 • Step 7: • HA • Encapsulate the packets (IP in IP) • Tunnels the packets to MN Mobile IP

  41. IPv6 operation 9/12 • Step 8: • MN • Reply packets to CN through router or • Piggyback Binding Update Mobile IP

  42. IPv6 operation 10/12 • Step 9: • MN • Moves back to home network • Receive Router Advertisement • Send BU to HA and CN Mobile IP

  43. IPv6 operation 11/12 Mobile IP

  44. IPv6 operation 12/12 • Step 10 • Smooth handover • Send BU to HA in previous network • Use more than one CoA at the same time • Receive packets from all CoAs • Packets may send to Home IP, previous CoA, and current CoA Mobile IP

  45. IPv6 destination option • Binding update option, which is sent by the mobile node to its home agent and correspondent nodes to inform them of a change of location • Binding acknowledgement option, which is sent in response to the binding update • Binding request option, which a node can request a new binding update from the mobile, when the binding is about to expire • Home address option, which the mobile node appends to all datagrams it sends while away from its home network Mobile IP

  46. IPv6 Problem solved • Mobile IPv6 provides improvements on routing and signaling efficiency. Problem not solved • Mobile IPv6 does not solve the key management problem Mobile IP

  47. Prospect of IPv6 • No need for Foreign Agent • Stateless AutoConfiguration • Neighbor Discovery • No triangular Routing Problem • Directly binding with the node in communication Mobile IP

  48. Security considerations • Security is very important in Mobile IP as mobile nodes are often connected to the Internet via wireless links • I.E. during registration procedure the home agent should be convinced that it is getting authentic Registration Request from a mobile node and not receive information for a bogus node. Mobile IP

  49. Comparison Mobile IP

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