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Music Business Handbook and Career Guide

Music Business Handbook and Career Guide. Part 6: Music in Broadcasting, Film, and Theater. Music in Radio. Chapter 19. Start Thinking. What factors influence a song’s selection for radio airplay? Who makes the decision about which songs make it onto the week’s playlist?

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Music Business Handbook and Career Guide

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  1. Music Business Handbook and Career Guide Part 6: Music in Broadcasting, Film, and Theater

  2. Music in Radio Chapter 19

  3. Start Thinking. . . • What factors influence a song’s selection for radio airplay? • Who makes the decision about which songs make it onto the week’s playlist? • What portion of the new music you learn about do you first hear on the radio?

  4. Chapter Goals • Gain awareness of radio’s dominant role in the music business, particularly the promotion of recordings. • Learn how demographic analyses help determine stations’ target audiences. • Discover the most powerful influences on stations’ programming policies.

  5. Music in Radio

  6. Music in Radio

  7. Types of Stations • Classification by carrier waves • AM = amplitude modulation • FM = frequency modulation • AM = news, sports, talk stations • FM = music stations • Classification by call letters • W = stations east of the Mississippi • K = stations west of the Mississippi

  8. Audience Identification and Market Research • Programming philosophy: • play audience segment’s favorite music • Demography • distribution, density, vital statistics of population

  9. Audience Identification and Market Research • Research methods • polling samples • station rating • sets in use • audience share • Syndicated research

  10. Audience Identification and Market Research • Data interpretation • How good was the sample? Did it typify the market? • How weak, how strong was the program preceding/following the program being measured? • How strong, how clear was the station’s signal at the time the sampled audience was listening? (continued)

  11. Audience Identification and Market Research • Data interpretation (continued) • How strong were the competing programs? • What was the influence of publicity? • What was it that most attracted listeners? • Influence on music sales

  12. Spectrum of Formats • CHR/Top 40 • Adult contemporary • Country • Urban contemporary • Alternative

  13. Spectrum of Formats • AOR • Oldies • NAC • Non-English stations • Others

  14. How Commercial Radio Stations WorkOperations • Management structures shifted • 1996 Telecommunications Act • consolidation of ownership of stations • Multiple stations now managed by one manager

  15. How Commercial Radio Stations WorkProgramming • The week’s playlist • add new songs and drop old songs • who makes the decisions? • disc jockeys, payola scandals, independent recording promoters • Reverse programming • Song clustering • Pacing

  16. How Commercial Radio Stations WorkNetworks and Syndication • Pre-1950s • Radio network = linked stations broadcasting the same programs simultaneously • NBS, CBS, ABC, MBS • Today • complete packed programs licensed or sold to stations • 30 seconds to full day-part; individual programs to series • displaced air talent due to signature DJs

  17. How Commercial Radio Stations WorkSatellite Subscription Radio • Launched in 2001 • Sirius and XM • merged after bidding war • automobile makers installed satellite radios in cars • XM+MP3 lawsuits • Satellite radio services • abundance of channels • talk formats drive significant sales

  18. How Commercial Radio Stations WorkInternet Radio • Streaming audio programming • started in early 1990s • Webcasting improved with broadband connections • Traditional radio stations • simulcast signals via Internet • Internet listenership research superior to broadcast • Sound recording performance rates • raised by CRB in 2006 • SoundExchange negotiates alternative rates

  19. How Commercial Radio Stations WorkHD Radio™ • Introduced by terrestrial radio sector in 2006 • allows AM and FM stations to simulcast main signals in digital format • offers improved audio quality • FM stations • multicast by adding more channels in allocated spectrum • closes gap with satellite radio’s channel offerings

  20. For Further Thought. . . • What are the three basic sets of statistics in radio market research? • What impact has the Telecommunications Act of 1996 had on radio stations?

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