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Enhancing Sanitation in Kabul: Public Latrines with Sludge Management

Explore the benefits of public latrines with FSM in Kabul city, addressing hygiene, OD, and waste challenges. Recommendations for replication and scaling up presented.

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Enhancing Sanitation in Kabul: Public Latrines with Sludge Management

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  1. Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Afghanistan Conference on Sanitation 2016 Excreta Management Thematic Session Presentation on : The Importance of Public Latrines with Sludge Management in Kabul City Prepared by and Presenter: Eng. A. Samay Saquib WASH Specialist - WSG Group

  2. This Presentation • is based on a desk research and observation conducted by the Author • highlights the usefulness of some of the public latrine complexes with FSM in Kabul city • describes the harms and side benefits (behaviour change) • explains the possible changes (Hygiene & OD) • ends with conclusion and recommendations

  3. Kabul City • Kabul city population - nearly 3.5 million (CSO 2012). • 70% live in informal settlements (USAID) • Sixty four largest and the 5th fastest growing city in the world. • WASH services despite progress remains a big challenge. • Suffering mainly from human produced wastes.

  4. A glance to Sanitation in Kabul City • OD/OU • Inappropriate latrines (85% of HH) with Poor sludge/Excreta MGT • 3,000 tons of solid waste/day- Capacity 400 tons only * (2,000 CM-1600) • Half drains are not working Some of the sewage /liquid waste is disposed in rivers untreated • Septic tanks 12% and Sewerage 3% • River open to wastes & no FSM * Source: UN Habitat

  5. Health Risks • Dry traditional toilets cause smells & disease • 70 % of diarrhea patients in hospitals caused by unsanitary latrines (hospitals) • Children are vulnerable to parasites found in human excrement, • DD - the second most prevalent cause of U5 child mortality & hospitalization (2014 KAP survey- MoPH)

  6. Response to Kabul City Sanitation • Ideal solution - Sewerage System & Waste Recycling • DEWAT / FSM are experimented and in scaling up stage • We need Modernization of toilet systems in Kabul, • Public Latrines is part of the solution for public places , but the number is limited (around 36) compared to population size • Sulabh Supported Toilets - As A Good Option

  7. Sulabh Supported Public Latrine Option • Water Carried latrine complexes built in Strategic Locations • Aimed at cracking the cycle of OD & hygiene and proper SM • Biogas digesters , followed by a series of filtration steps and UV disinfection for treatment of the digestae . • The grey-water  collection well . • Biogas used for cooking, lighting and running of generator

  8. Continued • Separate Compartment • The treated effluent is used for irrigation. • All operated by • Municipality with minor charges ( Free urination, 5 Afs/defecation and Afs 20/person for bathing. • Toilet paper is provided when charged

  9. Observations by the Author • Functional & clean • High Utilization • Reduced OD in River • Charging AFN 20 for bathing, AFN 5 for defecation with toilet paper and free urination • In 2 latrines out of 100 persons 98 in the 1st & 96 in the second latrine washed hands after defecation/urination.

  10. Conclusions and Recommendations : Recommendations • Good model of FSM for replication • Scaling up (Municipality is willing) • Monitoring crucially important for effective O&M • Promotion in other strategic locations. • A formal Study needed (by Municipality) Conclusion • Effectiveness in promoting handwashing, bathing and reducing OD. • Promoting waste recycling -Training model • Opportunity for Poor

  11. Thank you  Questions/Comments

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