RELATIVE CLAUSES

1. RELATIVE CLAUSES

2. RELATIVE CLAUSES I’ve got a friend. He collects stamps I’ve got a friend who collects stamps RELATIVE CLAUSE

3. RELATIVE PRONOUNS • WHO “The woman who lives next door is Peter’s sister.” • WHICH The briefcase which is on the sofa is mine • THAT Do youknowthemanthatistalkingto Edward? The magazine that you lent me is very interesting PEOPLE THINGS PEOPLE OR THINGS

4. WHOSE This is the woman whose son lives next to me • WHERE They’ve closed down the shop where I used to work • WHEN I’ll never forget the day when I met you POSSESSION PLACE TIME

9. RELATIVE PRONOUNS IN DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

10. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES - USE Defining relative clauses are used to join two sentences together. They give essential information about people or things. • He's the man who I that introduced us. • I found a fantastic club where we can have our party. • That was the day when I that I decided to change my career. • Where is the key which I that opens this door? • Is he the man whose car was stolen‘?

11. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES - FORM • The relative clause always comes after the noun it refers to. • The relative pronouns who, which and that can be omitted when they are followed by a noun or a pronoun. • These are the shirts (which/ that) I bought. • They can’t be omitted when they act as the subject of the relative clause. • This is the tennis player who/that won the match.

12. Examples • I’d never sack a player who was playing well. • Baseball is a sport which I used to enjoy playing. • There are some players whose names are famous in China. • Greece is the country where the Olympics started. • These days people wear sports clothes which are light and comfortable. • It’s often the smaller teams which go bankrupt. • Stamford Bridge is the ground where Chelsea football Club play. • The Olympics started at a time when there was no TV.

14. Defining & Non-defining Relative Clauses

15. An optician is a person who tests your eyes. (defining ”identify”) I've just met Jack Briggs, who is a businessman. (non-defining ”give extra information”)

16. I went to see the doctor who a friend of mine had recommended to me. (defining ”identify”) I went to see the doctor, who told me to rest for a few days. (non-defining ”give extra information”)

17. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES(“identify”) "The woman who is wearing shorts is my wife“ "She's the best secretary that has ever worked here“ "The man she married had a red beard“ "The road we wanted to take was blocked"

18. NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

19. NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES(“give additional information”) "Mr Jenkins, who has written several books, spoke at the meeting last night” "Their favourite drink was whisky, which is Britain's biggest export” "There were some sandwiches, which they ate quickly” "Laura Peters, whom I introduced to you last month, is a famous painter"

20. Non-defining relative clauses • Non-defining relative clauses give additional information about a sentence, but the sentence can still be complete withoutit. CHARACTERISTICS: • commas • “that” isneverused • no omission

25. Defining or non-defining? My daughter who works in New York is getting married soon. My daughter, who works in New York, is getting married soon.

27. OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN

28. OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN(ONLY DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES) That is the man who helped me That is the man who I saw yesterday SUBJECT VERB MAIN CLAUSE RELATIVE CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE OBJECT SUBJECT VERB RELATIVE CLAUSE

29. OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN(ONLY DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES) That is the man who I saw yesterday MAIN CLAUSE OBJECT SUBJECT VERB RELATIVE CLAUSE

30. OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN(ONLY DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES) That is the man I saw yesterday MAIN CLAUSE SUBJECT VERB RELATIVE CLAUSE

31. OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN(ONLY DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES) That is the man I saw yesterday

32. OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN(ONLY DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES) That is the man who helped me That is the man I saw yesterday SUBJECT VERB MAIN CLAUSE RELATIVE CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE SUBJECT VERB RELATIVE CLAUSE

33. examples The car which he bought last week cost him $10,000 Freddy Mercury was a famous pop star who died of AIDS The flowers which you picked yesterdayare beautiful The man who was sitting next to me is a famous writer The party which they organised was splendid

37. JOINING CLAUSES TOGETHER

38. Helen is the student. She pays the most attention

39. Helen is the student. She pays the most attention Helen is the student. She pays the most attention

40. Helen is the student. She pays the most attention Helen is the student She pays the most attention

41. Helen is the student. She pays the most attention Helen is the student who pays the most attention

43. You bought the moped. I really like it

44. You bought the moped. I really like it You bought the moped. I really like it

45. You bought the moped. I really like it You bought the moped I really like it

46. You bought the moped. I really like it You bought the moped which I really like

48. I love the old house. I grew up there

49. I love the old house. I grew up there I love the old house. I grew up there

50. I love the old house. I grew up there I love the old house I grew up there