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Neurological Disorders Lesson 1.3

Dive into Jesse's case to study developmental delays, attention deficit behaviors, and diagnostic imaging tests for neurological disorders.

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Neurological Disorders Lesson 1.3

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  1. Neurological DisordersLesson 1.3 How can we study the behaving brain?

  2. Do Now • Review last night’s homework with a partner.

  3. Case Study: Jesse Jesse arrives at the clinic, he is 14 months old Though he looks normal in many respects, his parents are worried about him

  4. Developmental Milestones by End of 1st Year • Reaches sitting position without assistance. • Crawls forward on belly. • Finds hidden objects easily. • Looks at correct picture when the image is named. • Uses gestures, such as waving or shaking head. • Repeats sounds or gestures for attention. • Says single words (“mama” or “dada”). • Responds to simple verbal requests.

  5. Developmental Milestones by End of 1st Year • Reaches sitting position without assistance. • Crawls forward on belly. • Finds hidden objects easily. • Looks at correct picture when the image is named. • Uses gestures, such as waving or shaking head. • Repeats sounds or gestures for attention. • Says single words (“mama” or “dada”). • Responds to simple verbal requests.

  6. Jesse comes back to the clinic. • His developmental delays have not resolved and he is now displaying certain attention deficit behaviors that sometimes become self-destructive. • What would you do after testing these behaviors?

  7. Attention Deficit Disorder Drugs • Ritalin is a mild central nervous system stimulant. • It affects chemicals in the brain that contribute to hyperactivity and impulse control.

  8. Activity: Tests to Diagnose Jesse PET Scan MRI EEG

  9. What test would you order for Jesse? PET Scan MRI EEG

  10. A horrible accident… Sagittal section Jesse’s brain at autopsy Normal brain

  11. Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum Coronal section Jesse’s brain at autopsy Normal brain

  12. PET, MRI and EEG Additional Slides

  13. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) 18Fluorodeoxyglucose Half life = 110 minutes PET scanner

  14. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Horizontal sections Area of abnormal activity (seizure) Normal brain

  15. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Horizontal sections Normal brain Area of abnormal activity in Alzheimer’spatient

  16. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Horizontal sections Area of abnormal activity (seizure) Brain showing tumor

  17. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Hydrogen atom MRI scanner

  18. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Hemoglobin: Oxygenation changes Fe 2+ to Fe 3+ MRI scanner

  19. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Corpus callosum Functional MRI (Subject read one word) Structural MRI

  20. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Tumor Agenesis of the corpus callosum

  21. Electroencephalopathy (EEG) Amplifier Cap Leads

  22. Electroencephalopathy (EEG) Neurons responsible for the signal Parietal area between electrodes

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