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Geography of Paper Making

Geography of Paper Making. Geography of Its History . Chinese 2 nd century  Bagdad (8 th ?)  Spain & Sicily (10 th – 12 th century)  France & Germany (15 th century, printing revolution)  advanced paper making in 19 th century http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_paper.

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Geography of Paper Making

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  1. Geography of Paper Making

  2. Geography of Its History • Chinese 2nd century  Bagdad (8th?)  Spain & Sicily (10th – 12th century)  France & Germany (15th century, printing revolution)  advanced paper making in 19th century http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_paper

  3. Trees & Paper • Both hardwood & softwood trees used to make paper, but in the United States come mostly from softwood forests-mostly pine-in the South and West. • Tree-made paper accounts for over 90% of the world's paper production • World consumption of paper has grown four hundred percent in the last 40 years

  4. Tree & Paper • Wood stacked 4 feet by 4 feet by 8 feet, or 128 cubic feet) produces nearly 90,000 sheets of paper (Boise Cascade) • Tree farms where forests are planted, groomed and thinned for harvest in 20 to 35 year cycles • Tree farms supply 16% of all wood used in the paper industry while the bulk of the rest comes from second growth forests • http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/31907-howstuffworks-show-episode-3-timber-super-tree-video.htm

  5. The Process • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGH7kQ30SKo

  6. The top 20 forest and paper products companies

  7. 3,054 Paper Mills in the U.S.

  8. http://www.uprr.com/customers/ind-prod/paper/paprplnt.shtml

  9. Paper Making & Environment • Nearly 4 billion trees or 35% of the total trees cut around the world are used in paper industries on every continent annually • Millions of pounds of highly toxic chemicals such as toluene, methanol, chlorine dioxide, hydrochloric acid, and formaldehyde are released into the air and water • More than 45% of all paper used in the United States is recycled • The rate of harvest for softwood trees in the southern United States outpaced growth for the first time since 1953 (US Forest Service) • The U.S., which contains only 5% of the world's population, uses 30% of all paper.

  10. Forest Sustainability • About 33% of the U.S. land area, or 737 million acres, is forest land. • Net annual growth exceeds harvests and losses to insects and disease by an average of 33% each year in commercial forests. • America's forest products companies have donated over 1 million acres of land (valued at over $400 million) for conservation, recreation, or social causes. • About 47 million acres (6% of all U.S. forest land) is reserved for parks and other wilderness areas - no commercial timber harvests are permitted. • Since 1952, 4% or about 19 million acres of timberland has been reclassified as wilderness or parks and no more commercial harvests are allowed. • The amount of new timber grown is more than the amount of timber harvested by at least 1/3 (54% in 1976, 38% in 1986, and 34% in 1992).

  11. A ton of recycled paper saves 17 trees? • 1 ton of uncoated virgin (non-recycled) printing and office paper uses 24 trees • 1 ton of 100% virgin (non-recycled) newsprint uses 12 trees • A "pallet" of copier paper (20-lb. sheet weight, or 20#) contains 40 cartons and weighs 1 ton. Therefore, • 1 carton (10 reams) of 100% virgin copier paper uses .6 trees • 1 tree makes 16.67 reams of copy paper or 8,333.3 sheets • 1 ream (500 sheets) uses 6% of a tree (and those add up quickly!) • 1 ton of coated, higher-end virgin magazine paper (used for magazines like National Geographic and many others) uses a little more than 15 trees (15.36) • 1 ton of coated, lower-end virgin magazine paper (used for newsmagazines and most catalogs) uses nearly 8 trees (7.68) • 1 ton (40 cartons) of 30% postconsumer content copier paper saves 7.2 trees • 1 ton of 50% postconsumer content copier paper saves 12 trees.

  12. Alternatives http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-10734998 http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/31918-howstuffworks-show-episode-3-paper-pulp-video.htm • Recycled waste • Agri-pulp: wheat, oat, barley and other crop stalks left over after harvesting • Hemp, Kenaf, sugar cane as wood substitutes, no need to use chlorine for the bleaching process

  13. Origami Christmas Tree (Pine Tree)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3nrbblb32w

  14. Sources http://ecology.com/features/paperchase/ http://thesugarcanepapercompany.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_the_United_States http://www.manta.com/mb_34_E026D_000/paper_mills#Location http://www.hqpapermaker.com/paper-history/ http://geology.com/satellite/tennessee-satellite-image.shtml http://earth.jsc.nasa.gov/sseop/EFS/printinfo.pl?PHOTO=STS110-726-10 http://www.tappi.org/paperu/all_about_paper/earth_answers/earthanswers.htm

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