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Schema Theory by Carol Nichols, Metropolitan State College of Denver, nicholscmscd

Comprehension. An active process in which readers interpret what they read in accordance with what is already known about the topic. The reader integrates prior knowledge with text information to create new information.. Comprehension Instruction. Teachers spend very little time actually teaching

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Schema Theory by Carol Nichols, Metropolitan State College of Denver, nicholscmscd

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    1. Schema Theory by Carol Nichols, Metropolitan State College of Denver, nicholsc@mscd.edu Schema Theory and Comprehension

    2. Comprehension An active process in which readers interpret what they read in accordance with what is already known about the topic. The reader integrates prior knowledge with text information to create new information.

    3. Comprehension Instruction Teachers spend very little time actually teaching students techniques which will help them learn how to understand text. One study indicated that less than 1% of the time in the classrooms studied was used for teaching how to comprehend text.

    4. Teachers mention comprehension and “teach” comprehension by asking questions.

    5. Levels of Comprehension See the handout in the packet. Literal Level– understanding what is stated directly in print Inferential Level-- understanding meaning that is not directly stated in print Critical Level– evaluating material, applying information

    6. Schema Theory (1970’s-1980’s) The theory that explains how readers store information in their minds and how previously acquired knowledge is used to inhibit or assist the learning of new knowledge. Schemata (plural) are organized in memory by associations, categories, and examples.

    7. Schemata Accessed in memory much like looking up a topic in an encyclopedia or in a file cabinet. Size and content of each schema – influenced by past opportunities to learn.

    8. Schemata Students who already know a great deal about a topic will remember more from their reading than students who knew little or nothing about the topic. Previous knowledge helps readers acquire new knowledge.

    9. Schema Theory Schemata - - knowledge already stored in memory Schema (singular) Compare to a “mental filing cabinet.” Teachers must help students access this filing system of existing information (activate schema). Activate schema before an activity where information is gained – listening to a speaker, reading, going on a field trip, etc.

    10. Benefits to Students if Schema is Activated Before Reading Comprehension is better. Information gained during reading is retained longer. Information gained during reading is recalled easier.

    11. Benefits to Teacher if Students’ Schema is Activated The teacher can hear what type of background the students have about the topic. This gives the teacher a chance to assess the fitness of the reader to the material. The material itself or the way the material will be presented to the students may need to be changed.

    12. Metacognition The conscious control of your own thinking about the task you are performing and the monitoring of the effectiveness of your performance of the task.

    13. Three interrelated metacognitive processes that relate to reading Self knowledge Task knowledge Self monitoring

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